【正文】 中的熱量306720合計(jì) 624851合計(jì) 3181311. 熱量平衡表：表10熱量平衡表（kJ）（以100kg入爐燃料為基準(zhǔn)）1. 物料衡算 ，kgC=12/（＋＋）=H=2/（＋2）＋2/34=O=32/（0. 1308＋＋）=N=28/=S=32/34=：：（－）/（28/）= m3氮空氣中含水汽量：=已知和假設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)上形半水煤氣產(chǎn)量為XNm3上、下吹蒸汽用量相等各為Wkg下形半水煤氣產(chǎn)量為（－X）Nm3為方便計(jì)算，假設(shè)上、下吹氣體成分相同，上、下吹氮空氣作為均勻加入計(jì)。米3 吹風(fēng)氣中水汽焓 =2476式中 —230℃時(shí)過熱蒸汽的焓，千卡/ 千克干上形煤氣焓 225=式中 —干上形煤氣0→225℃的平均恒壓熱容，千卡/ (m179。℃) 干上形煤氣中水汽焓 =25696式中 —225℃時(shí)過熱蒸汽的焓，千卡/ 千克 軟水焓 25X合計(jì):57175+25X出項(xiàng) 干吹風(fēng)氣的焓 120=5819式中 —干上形煤氣0→120℃的平均恒壓熱容，千卡/ (m179?！? 吹風(fēng)氣中水汽焓 6510=2294式中 651—230℃時(shí)過熱蒸汽的焓，千卡/ 千克 干上形煤氣焓 120=5193式中 —干上形煤氣0→120℃的平均恒壓熱容，千卡/ (m179?！? 上形煤氣中水汽焓 651=23921 蒸汽焓 排污水焓 （XY） 熱損失（入熱的3%） （57175+25X）3%合計(jì)：38942++平衡：57175+25X=38942++ +=18233 ……………………………………①（2）總固體平衡 150X=2000（X－Y） 1850X2000Y=0 ……………………………………②（3）解方程得①、②：X= Y=所以每100千克燃料產(chǎn) 。（2）軟水進(jìn)口溫度為25℃，總固體150ppm（3）排污水總固體2000ppm（4）鍋爐產(chǎn)汽壓力： f/cm2飽和蒸汽 產(chǎn)氣量及消耗兩計(jì)算 產(chǎn)氣量及消耗水量可由熱平衡計(jì)算設(shè)進(jìn)口水量為Xkg，產(chǎn)汽量為Ykg（1） 熱平衡進(jìn)項(xiàng)：回收廢熱量：43013=軟水焓：25X kJ合計(jì)：＋168X出項(xiàng)：蒸汽焓：排污水焓：（X－Y）合計(jì)：＋平衡：＋25X=＋ ………………………………①（2）總固體平衡：150X=2000（X－Y）………………………………②（3）解方程得：X= Y=排污水：消耗軟水：5 設(shè)備計(jì)算 煤氣爐指標(biāo)計(jì)算Φ3000U。I煤氣發(fā)生爐每臺(tái)每小時(shí)產(chǎn)水煤氣7500Nm3。(2).煤氣產(chǎn)量在加煤后各循環(huán)中并不相同，以上指標(biāo)是平均值。G。1500003300/（30024）=68750臺(tái)數(shù)的確定（1）爐堂面積F=2/4=/432=（2）生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)度7500/=1061Nm3/（3）臺(tái)數(shù)的確定煤氣爐在生產(chǎn)中加入煤和除灰要停車，一天的生產(chǎn)時(shí)間沒有24小時(shí)，實(shí)際生產(chǎn)時(shí)間取22小時(shí)，另外，由于氣化爐不能長期達(dá)到最大產(chǎn)氣量，則：（6875024）/（750022）=根據(jù)需要，備用2臺(tái)所以本設(shè)計(jì)共有煤氣發(fā)生爐13臺(tái)。1. 干空氣用量（吹風(fēng)空氣）25℃空氣 相對(duì)濕度70% 4122Nm3(干)/h 大氣壓力 2. 二次空氣用量根據(jù)實(shí)踐二次風(fēng)量可取一次風(fēng)量的15%左右412215%=3. 空氣含水蒸汽量25℃空氣 相對(duì)濕度70% 濕含量H=（干空氣）（4122＋）==（4122＋）＋=實(shí)際情況下空氣用量（273＋25）/273760/760=5287Nm3/h空氣損失取18%（泄漏）V=5287/（1－18%）=11根據(jù)需要，備用1臺(tái)所以本設(shè)計(jì)共有煤氣發(fā)生爐2臺(tái)?？傊亓浚ń饘伲汗ぷ鹘橘|(zhì)煤氣及冷卻水操作壓力操作溫度煤氣入口：100℃，出口：35℃冷卻水入口：℃，出口：62℃內(nèi)徑3000毫米8毫米總高15125毫米碳素剛重紅松重14360千克進(jìn)氣口管直徑Φ920毫米9毫米出氣口管直徑Φ820毫米9毫米水噴頭外管直徑Φ89毫米4毫米內(nèi)管直徑Φ45毫米人孔直徑Φ529毫米9毫米冷卻水出口管Φ325毫米8毫米冷卻水進(jìn)口總水管Φ273毫米8毫米煤氣量約25000米3/小時(shí) 煤氣發(fā)生爐自動(dòng)加煤機(jī)工藝指標(biāo)：焦斗最大工作容積盤形閥水壓缸活塞形程445毫米容焦桶頂部水壓缸活塞形程1070毫米盤形閥門開啟角度95176。工作介質(zhì)焦（煤）、水煤氣、空氣、蒸汽外形尺寸（長寬高）268018503524毫米總重（下包括磅稱）4000千克 10000m3螺旋式氣柜的工藝指標(biāo)：設(shè)計(jì)容積10000米3有效容積9360 米3工作壓力鐘罩升起后壓力中節(jié)Ⅰ升起后壓力中節(jié)Ⅱ升起后壓力工作溫度常溫鐘罩內(nèi)徑22300毫米中節(jié)Ⅰ內(nèi)徑32250毫米中節(jié)Ⅱ內(nèi)徑24200毫米水槽內(nèi)徑24860毫米水槽容水量約3807噸水槽靜水液面高7850毫米總高鐘罩高9100毫米中節(jié)Ⅰ高7600毫米中節(jié)Ⅱ高7600毫米水槽高7898毫米進(jìn)出氣管直徑1220毫米安全放空管高34400毫米進(jìn)出口水槽高1800毫米進(jìn)出口水槽中間隔板高1240毫米進(jìn)出口水槽水封高450毫米地下槽高650毫米地下槽溢流口高515毫米地下槽隔板高520毫米 集塵器 外徑Φ1230毫米高度材料鋼板重量（不包括耐火磚）4061千克參考文獻(xiàn)【1】陳德祥 陳秀等編 .煤化工工藝學(xué). 【2】鐘蘊(yùn)英、關(guān)夢嬪、崔開仁、王惠中編 .煤化學(xué). 中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社出版，【3】煤炭加壓氣化. 中國建筑工業(yè)出版社出版，【4】郭樹才編 .煤化工工藝學(xué). 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社出版，【5】沙興中、楊南星編 .煤的氣化與應(yīng)用. 華東理工大學(xué)出版社出版，【6】張成芳編 .合成氨廠工藝技術(shù)與節(jié)能. 華東化工學(xué)院出版社出版。并結(jié)合理論，對(duì)典型設(shè)備作了科學(xué)的計(jì)算，包括物料、能量衡算，和選型計(jì)算。通過此次設(shè)計(jì)，鞏固和深化了專業(yè)知識(shí)，并了解了化工設(shè)計(jì)的程序和方法。此次設(shè)計(jì)，我受益匪淺，同時(shí)使我發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多不足之處，比如綜合運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力，將理論運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中不能照本宣科，不能生搬硬套?？傊?，此設(shè)計(jì)意義深遠(yuǎn)。為此，謹(jǐn)向楊謙老師表示衷心的謝意！本設(shè)計(jì)由于本人知識(shí)的欠缺。謝謝！The history of synthetic ammoniaBefore liberation, China only two small scale ammonia synthesis plant, after the liberation of synthetic ammonia industry had rapid development. In 1949 the national fertilizer crop only 6000 tons, and achieved 10219000 tons 1982, bee the world39。s own design and construction of the Shanghai chemical plant in Wujing, is an annual output of 300000 tons of nitrogen fertilizer in large chemical fertilizer plant. These chemical fertilizer plant to natural gas, petroleum, refinery gas as raw materials, production of low energy consumption, high yield, technology and equipment are very advanced. The chemical simulation of biological nitrogen fixation of one of the important research topics, is nitrogenase structure of active centre. Nitrogenase MoFe protein from ferritin and the two transition metal containing protein assembly. Ferritin mainly plays a role of electron transfer conveyor, and containing two molybdenum atoms and twenty or thirty iron and sulfur atoms of molybdenum iron protein is a plex N2 or other reactant molecules ( substrate ), and inverse synthetic ammonia plantShould the active center place. On the structure of the active center have a variety of views, it is uncertain. From a variety of substrate conjugates activation and reduction hydrogenation testing, including double molybdenum nuclear activity center is more reasonable. China has two research groups from 1973 to 1974, all made with iron nucleus three, Quad active center model, can better explain the nitrogenase activity of a series of performance, but its structure details have yet to be based on the new experimental results of precision. The research results that, under mild conditions with nitrogen fixation generally contains the following three aspects : 1 plexation process. It is with some transition metal organic plexes to plex N2, making it the chemical bond weakened。 the hydrogenation process. It is provided with H + and N bined with negative valence, generate NH3. The chemical simulation of biological nitrogen fixation of a main difficulty is N2 plex, but basically no activation, or the activation of the plex, but the activated enough. Therefore, stable dinitrogen plexes generally under mild conditions by chemical reducing agent can release N2, never stable dinitrogen plex reduction to produce NH3 quantity is quite small. There is an urgent need from theoretic analysis, so as to find out the breakthrough way. Nitrogenase biological chemistry and chemical simulation work has made certain progress, which will effectively promote plexation catalysis, especially for high catalytic efficiency of ammonia synthesis catalyst, will be a powerful promotion.50 / 50