北京對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)貿(mào)大考研經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)綜合真題解析試卷-閱讀頁
2025-06-24 23:32本頁面
【正文】 and interest rates low for long enough to prevent deflation setting in, but they also have to be prepared to change things quickly to prevent inflation taking off. The second balancing act, involving fiscal policy, depends on politicians rather than specialists and has, so far, been shamefully illplanned.In the short term public largesse is a necessary response to the slump in private demand. Budget deficits have ballooned – to an average of almost 10% of GDP across the big, rich countries – for good reasons, as governments have bolstered their banks and provided fiscal stimulus, and as sagging economics have sapped tax revenues. Withdrawing that support too fast would be foolish. Particularly after a banking bust, premature fiscal tightening can push week economies back into decline, as Japan’s illtimed consumptiontax increase in 1997 showed. The same risk holds today. Particularly if the fiscal squeeze involves incentivedulling tax increase. But public profligacy cannot last forever. Even if the nascent recovery takes hold, the IMF reckons the gross government debt of the rich world’s big economies will reach an average of 115% of GDP by 2014 and continue to rise thereafter in some places, notably America. The weight of this debt will eventually push up interest rates, crowd out private investment and sap economic growth. Far nastier outes, from outofcontrol inflation to outright default, are conceivable.3. arbitration 10分All disputes in connection this contract or the execution thereof shall be settled by negotiation between two parties. If no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration in the country of defendant in accordance with the arbitration regulations of the arbitration organization of the defendant country. The decision made by the arbitration organization shall be taken as final and binding upon both parties. The arbitration expense shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitration organization.補(bǔ)充：2010年對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)815經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合考點(diǎn)分析：（1） 微觀部分：效用最大化的條件，需求曲線的推導(dǎo)、完全競爭市場的利潤最大化和長期均衡問題，寡頭市場的幾種模型，廠商的各種成本的概念比較；風(fēng)險規(guī)避的考察；連帶外部效應(yīng)；（2） 弗萊明蒙代爾模型。新古典增長模型的計算；政府的財政政策和貨幣政策，像相機(jī)抉擇的政策。（3） 三篇英語歷年真題貿(mào)大考研免費(fèi)下載翻譯分別講的是：市場結(jié)構(gòu)和創(chuàng)新，政府的貨幣政策和貿(mào)易里的仲裁。因此，壟斷者可以對自己所出售同類產(chǎn)品采取不同的價格，以使自己所獲利潤達(dá)到最大值。實(shí)現(xiàn)價格歧視必須具備以下幾個條件：廠商不能是價格的接收者，即有權(quán)改變價格；廠商必須能夠按需求彈性對顧客加以區(qū)分，買者必須具有不同的需求彈性；廠家必須能夠防止產(chǎn)品的再次出售。 擴(kuò)展：須掌握（1）價格歧視的含義：相同成本，不同價格。三級價格歧視：不同的消費(fèi)者的需求曲線與收益曲線不同，類似于同一產(chǎn)品的多市場定價模型?！驹谄降铱薱hap11 有市場勢力的定價】平衡預(yù)算乘數(shù)：政府收入和支出同時以相等數(shù)量增加或減少時，引起的國民收入變化量與政府購買支出或凈稅收變化量的比
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