【正文】 and end with a couplet rhyming gg(with a surprise conclusion or a shift of ideas). Son 18 eternal or immortal（不朽的） beauty, have a faith in the permanence(持久，永久 ) of poetry. A nice summer’s day is usually transient(短暫的 ), but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. from The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 The Merchant of Venice to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable（不知足的） greed and brutality of the Jew. Double plot:(1) Bassanio ask Antonio for a loan so that he might marriage with Portia (2) Antonio borrow money from Shylock, the Jewish usurer. Shylock make a strange bond that requires Antonio to surrender a pound of his flesh if he fail to repay him within a certain period of time. Portia disguised as a young lawyer instructed to judge the case: Shylock can take his pound of flesh, but there is no mention of blood in the bond. Otherwise, his lands and goods will be confiscated(充公 ) according to he law of Venice. 3． Excerpt from Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Literature item: Soliloquy:an extended speech delivered ba a character along on character reveals his or her inner most thoughts and feelings directly to the audience,as if thinking aloud. Note: To be, or not to be to live on in this world or to die。 powerfulness, wellarranging and enriching by Biblical allusions（典故） , metaphors（隱喻） and cadence（韻律） . READING: Of Studies Of Studies uses and benefits of study – studies serve for delight, for ornament（裝飾，增添光彩 vt 裝飾） , and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies studies and experience are plementary (互補(bǔ) ) to each other. The correct attitude to reading books to weigh and consider. How studies exert（ vt 運用，發(fā)揮，產(chǎn)生影響） influence over human character reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. John Donne 多恩 〝 Metaphysical poetry〞 （玄學(xué)詩） break away from love poetry, the diction(用語 ) is simple, the imagery （意向，形象化） is from the actual, the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved （心愛 的，摯愛的） , with God, or with himself. A)conceits B)syllogism (三段論 ) Poetry 早期 :The Songs and Sons holds that the nature of love is the union of soul and body. 晚期 :Holy Sons A Hymn to God the Father religious poem Prose: his sermons, which are both rich and imaginative John Milton 彌爾頓 Achievement: 1)the early poetic works 2) the middle prose(散文 ) 3)the last great poems Elegy(挽歌 ) lycidas利西達(dá)斯 (his early work) Epic(史詩 ) Paradise Lost Paradise Regained Dramatic poem(詩劇 ) Samson Agonistes力士參孫 the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English. READING: excerpt from Paradise Lost An view：Milton’s masterpiece, and the greatest English epic. It is a long epic in 12 books, done in blank verse. The stories were taken from The Old Testament: the creation。 their defeat and expulsion from Heaven。 the fallen angels in hell plotting against God。 and the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden. The theme： The poem, as we are told at the outset, was “to justify the ways of God to man”, . to preach submission to the Almighty. But the reader soon gets the impression that the main idea of the poem is the heroic revolt against God’s authority. Characterization: 1) Satanis the real hero of the poem is admired and respected by his fellowangels. He goes through many obstacles and makes revolt against God. Though weaker in force, he remains superior in nobility. He weles his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy.(spirit of revolution) B. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God. 2) God God is a selfish despot, surrounded by his angels who are eternally singing his praises. His angels are silly. He is cruel and unjust in the fight against Satan. 3) Adam and Eve They embody the powers of man. Their strong and insatiable desire for knowledge, mon to all Renaissance humanists, es to conflict with submissions to God’s will. The curiosity for knowledge opens a wide road to an intelligent and active life. Literary Features: Miltonic The epic is written in blank verse. characteristics: 1） Blank verse used here is the long and sometimes seemingly interminable sentence construction, so that a passage goes on and on, and the meaning is suspended and not pleted, till the end of the sentence es with the period. This way makes the verse sound oratorical , logical and picturesque. 2) Pauses may e almost anywhere in a line of verse, breaking the monotony of the pause falling inevitable at the close of a line. Milton’s Contribution: 1. He is the greatest poet and pamphleteer during the bourgeois revolution in the mid17th century as well as the greatest author of Puritanism. 2. The beauty in the verse form, together with the great significance of the humanist, revolutionary ideas contained, makes Paradise Lost estimated the greatest epic in the English language. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English Verse. 3. He is a master of blank verse. He first used blank verse in nondramatic works. Paradise Lost the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton’ s creed(綱領(lǐng) ). Take from the Old Testament, the theme is the “ Fall of Man” : Satan rebel against God and are driven from Heaven. He determined to revenge by seduce(引誘 ) Adam and Eve to eat the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge against God’ s instructions. So, Adam and Eve are exiled by God from the paradise. John Bunyan 班揚(yáng) REAING: The Vanity Fair 名利場 an excerpt form The Pilgrim’ s Progress (天路歷程 ) The Pilgrim