【正文】 hurch, and advocated independence of the mind. 2. Emerson?s transcendentalism: The oversoul—it is an allpervading power goodness, from which all things e and of which all are a part. It is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion. It is a munication between an individual soul and the universal oversoul. And he strongly believe in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual, so man can totally rely on himself. toward nature: Emerson loves nature. His nature is the garment of the oversoul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God‘s presence. It exercise a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult. II. Hawthorne‘s Puritanism and his black vision of man: 1. Puritanism—it is the religious belief of the Puristans, who had intended to purify and simplify the religious ritual of the church of England. 2. his black vision of man—by the Calvinistic concept of original sin, he believed that human being are evil natured and sinful, and this sin is ever present in human heart and will pass one generation to another. 3. Young Goodman Brown—it shows that everyone has some evil secrets. The innocent and naamp。iuml。 b. to use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation。 d. to use the language of mon speech and the exact word。 f. absolutely freedom in the choice of subject. 2. Imagism is to present an intellectual and emotional plex in an instant of time. An imagistic poem must present the object exactly the way the thing is seen. And the reader can form the image of the object through the process of reading the abstract and concrete words. II. Frost and his poetry on nature: Frost is deeply interested in nature and in men‘s relationship to nature. Nature appears as an explicator and a mediator for man and serve as the center of reference of his behavior. Peace and order can be found in Frost‘s poetical natural world. With surface simplicity of his poems, the thematic concerns are always presented in rich symbols. Therefore his work resists easy interpretation. III. F. Scott Fitzgerald and his The Great Gatsby 1. Theme: Gatsby is American Everyman. His extraordinary energy and wealth make him pursue the dream. His death in the end points at the truth about the withering of the American Dream. The spiritual and moral sterility that has resulted from the withered American Dream is fully revealed in the article. However, although he is defeated, the dream has gave Gatsby a dignity and a set of qualities. His hope and belief in the promise of future makes him the embodiment of the values of the incorruptible American Dream . 2. The character analysis of Gatsby: Gatsby is great, because he is dignified and ennobled by his dream and his mythic vision of life. He has the desire to repeat the past, the desire for money, and the desire for incarnation of unutterable vision on this material earth. For Gatsby, Daisy is the soul of his dreams. He believe he can regain Daisy and romantically rebels of time. Although he has the wealth that can match with the leisured class, he does not have their manners. His tragedy lies in his possession of a naive sense and chivalry. IV. Ernest Hemingway‘s artistic features: 1. The Hemingway code heroes and grace under pressure: They have seen the cold world ,and for one cause, they boldly and courageously face the reality. They has an indestructible spirit for his optimistic view of life. Whatever is the result is, the are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will be prevail because of their indestructible spirit and courage. 第 3 頁 共 92 頁 iceberg technique: Hemingway believe that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. The oneeighth the is presented will suggest all other meaningful dimensions of the story. Thus, Hemingway?s language is symbolic and suggestive. V. The character analysis of Emily in A Rose for Emily: Emily is a symbol of old values, standing for tradition, duty and past glory. But she is also a victim to all those she cares and embrace. The source of Emily?s strangeness is from her born pride and selfesteem, the domineering behavior of her father and the betrayal of her lover. Barricaded in her house, she has frozen the past to protect her dreams. Her life is tragic because the defiance of the munity, her refusal to accept the change and her extreme pride have pushed her to abnormality and insanity. English Literature Chapter One The Renaissance Period I. Shakespeare‘s sons 1. With a few exceptions, Shakespeare writes his sons in the popular English form of three quatrains and a couplet. The couplet usually ties the son to one of the general themes, leaving the quatrains free to develop the poetic intensity. 2. The son‘s most mon themes concern the destructive effects of time, the quickness of physical decay, and the loss of beauty, vigor, and love. Although the poems celebrate life, they are always with a keen awareness of death. 3. His son 18 expresses that beautiful things can rely on the force of literature to reach eternity. Literature is created by man, thus it declares man‘s eternity. The poem shows the mighty selfconfidence of the newly class. The vivid, variable and rich images reflect the lively and adventurous spirits of those who were opening new world. II. Shakespeare‘s A Merchant of Venice 1. Theme (1) Justice vs. mercy: Shakespeare suggests that all men should be merciful. There is a further aspect of justice—the injustice revealed in the Christians‘ treatment of the Jews. (2) Appearance vs. reality: . superficial or external beauty vs. moral or spiritual beauty or truth (in the case of three caske