【正文】 x novels，要知道為什么叫 Wessex，書(shū)上 P458。 Hardy 小說(shuō)的特色（ P459 第一段）。書(shū)上介紹這個(gè)作家的部分的最后一段算是這個(gè)作家的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)。 69. The Irish Dramatic Movement（名詞解釋?zhuān)? Irish Renaissance（名詞解釋?zhuān)? 70. Gee Bernard Shaw 主要作品 Mrs Warren’ s Profession 和 Major Babara，如果看的 是其它版本的英國(guó)文學(xué)史，可能會(huì)選其它的作品，對(duì)他作品的主要人物，情節(jié)，主題和意義要了解，他是比較重要的一個(gè)作家。 72. T. S. Eliot 比較重要，特別是他的 The Waste Land 要知道包括哪幾個(gè)部分，大概是什么情節(jié)，有什么象征意義，主題是什么，有什么寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)。另外他著名的文章 Tradition and the Individual Talent 被認(rèn)為是 manifesto of modernist poetry. 73. Modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters’ psychological activities under the influence of Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud’ s theories. 74. D. H. Lawrence 重點(diǎn)作品 Sons and Lovers 這個(gè)作品明顯受到弗洛伊德影響，特別是其中體現(xiàn)的 Oedipus plex，對(duì)其人物，主題要有了解； The Rainbow 及其續(xù)篇 Women in Love 要有簡(jiǎn)單了解，特別是對(duì)其主題。 492 頁(yè)第三段對(duì) Lawrence 的思想做了個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)，這一段中指出的勞倫斯的思想特點(diǎn)以及局限性要了解。 77. Virginia Woolf 重要的意識(shí)流作家，主要作品要知道在 496 頁(yè)第二段，書(shū)上主要介紹的是 To the Lighthouse，其實(shí)她的其它幾部作品特別是 Mrs. Dalloway 也比較出名，需要了 解一下。 b. Christianity。 eoldermen (lord) – thane middle class (freemen) lower class (slave or bondmen: theow)。 g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education。 i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter。 b. prose: two figures. II. Beowulf. 1. A general introduction. 2. The content. 3. The literary features. (1) the use of alliteration (2) the use of metaphors and understatements (3) the mixture of pagan and Christian elements III. The Old English Prose 1. What is prose? 2. figures (1) The Venerable Bede (2) Alfred the Great Chapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval Ages I. Introduction 1. The Historical Background. (1) The year 1066: Norman Conquest. (2) The social situations soon after the conquest. A. Norman nobles and serfs。 (4) The 12th century. A. the centralized government。 (5) The 13th century. A. The legend of Robin Hood。 C. the beginning of the Parliament D. English and Latin: official languages (the end) (6) The 14th century. a. the House of Lords and the House of Commons— conflict between the Parliament and Kings。 B. The General Prologue。 b. More。 b. brilliant and fascinating personality。 b. Astrophel and Stella (108): son sequence to Penelope Dvereux— platonic devotion. Petrarchan conceits and original feelingsmoving to creativeness— building of a narrative story。 b. studies law at Lincoln Inn。 d. beheaded. (2) Utopia: the first English science fiction. Written in Latin, two parts, the second— place of nowhere. A philosophical mariner (Raphael Hythloday) tells his voyages in which he discovers a landUtopia. a. The part one is anized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy. b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything. c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time. d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals. e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissance secularism. f. the Utopia (3) the significance. a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages。 b. native or popular drama. (3) the University Wits. 2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits. (1) Life: first interested in classical poetry— then in drama. (2) Major works a. Tamburlaine。 c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. (3) The significance of his plays. V. William Shakespeare 1. Life (1) 1564, StratfordonAvon。 (3) Queen visit to Castle。 (5) London, the Globe Theatre: small part and proprietor。 (7) Retired, son— Ham。 reality and illusion. 3. Nondramatic poetry (1) Venus and Adonis。 a lady in dark plexion. c. the form: three quatrains and a couplet. d. the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg. VI. Ben Jonson 1. life: poet, dramatist, a Latin and Greek scholar, the “l(fā)iterary king” (Sons of Ben) : (1) the idea of “humour”. (2) an advocate of classical drama and a forerunner of classicism in English literature. 3. Major plays (1) Everyone in His Humour— ”humou r”。 (2) The Cavalier poets. (3) Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral conviction 2. The restoration period. (1) The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft management, and simplicity. (school of Ben Jonson) (2) The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge (1662) were influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational munication. (3) The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism. (4) The restoration drama. (5) The Age of Dryden. III. John Milton 1. Life: educated at Cambridge— visiting the continent— involved into the revolution— persecuted— writing epics. 2. Literary career. (1) The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L39。 (2) poor family。 (4) Baptist society, preacher。 b. ill health。 d. friend of Addison, Steele and Swift. (2) three groups of poems: e. An Essay on Criticism (manifesto of neoclassicism)。 g. Translation of two epics. (3) His contribution: h. the heroic couplet— finish, elegance, wit, pointedness。 b. made a living by writing and translating。 criticism (The Lives of great Poets)。 (2) studies at Trin