【正文】 nish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.那么，隨著時間的推移英語為什么發(fā)生了變化呢？實際上，當(dāng)不同文化相互交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所發(fā)展和變化。當(dāng)時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，不像我們現(xiàn)在說的英語。這些新來的定居者豐富了英語語言，尤其是豐富了英語詞匯。1620年一些英國定居者來到了美洲，后來到了18世紀(jì)的時候，一些英國人還被帶到了澳大利亞。Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后到19世紀(jì)的時候，英語這種語言就變得穩(wěn)定了。后者使得美式英語的拼寫有了其獨特的個性。比如，印度就有很多人說英語說得很流利，因為在1765年到1947年之間英國統(tǒng)治著印度。在新加坡和馬來西亞以及像非洲的南非，人們現(xiàn)在也說英語。中國式英語是否也能發(fā)展成一種具有自己獨特個性的語言？這還有待時間去證明。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說的英語就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，這是因為在早期的電臺節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。 當(dāng)人們使用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言”的詞語和表達(dá)時，那就叫做方言。即使在美國有些地區(qū)，兩個相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的人所說的方言也可能稍有不同。 地理位置對方言的形成也有所影響。當(dāng)美國人從一個地方搬到另一個地方時，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。美國是一個大國，有著許許多多彼此不同的方言。Reading and speaking 讀與說 1 Amy and her American friends are visiting London. They plan to visit Amy’s aunt and decide to go there by underground, but cannot find the nearest underground station. So she asks directions and then tells her friends. Read the dialogue and circle the words that mean the same. 1 艾米和她的美國朋友正在參觀倫敦。所以她問問了路，然后告訴她的朋友。AMY: Excuse me, Ma’ma. Could you tell me where the nearest subways is?LADY: Er...the underground? Well, go round the corner on your lefthand side, straight on and cross two streets. It’ll be on your righthand side.AMY: Thanks so much.FRIENDS: What did she say, Amy?AMY: She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. The subway will be on our right.艾米：對不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？夫人：呃……地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。朋友：艾米，她說什么？艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. Now, I know that the proper way is always her way. I kept asking her, When are we leaving and when are we ing back? I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course, she hadn39。 my sister doesn39。從高中起，我姐姐和我就一直夢想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟—在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀偉和宇航。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對騎車旅行產(chǎn)生了興趣。我問姐姐：“我們要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點騎車旅行的是我的姐姐?！　∥液芟矚g我姐姐，但是她有一個嚴(yán)重的缺點，她有時確實很固執(zhí)?，F(xiàn)在我知道了這個盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。當(dāng)然她并沒有看過，我的姐姐是不會考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。她給了我一個堅定的眼神—這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸會很困難，而且天氣會很冷時，她卻說這將是一次很有趣的經(jīng)歷。最后，我只好讓步了。我們找到了一本大型的地圖冊，里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動。流經(jīng)云南西部。我們驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國境內(nèi)。河水也變成了黃褐色。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國南海。s what we looked like! Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles ,the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked Wei rode in front of me as is very reliable and I knew I did39。T SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in smelly gas came out of the the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervois to ran out of the fields looking for places to jumped out of their bowls and about 3:00 am on july 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and the one million people of the city,who thiught little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometres of the nation felt huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and burst from holes in the hills of rock became rivers of fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in suffering of the people was of them died or were left without number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly everything was of the city39。 when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. THE REST OF ELIA