【正文】 cruel nature. (Para. 4)Meaning: By way of the animal rights forum, activists have said far more than enoughabout the pain these animals suffer from medical research. They use it as an excuse todeny the efforts we are making and accuse us of evil and cruel nature.Meaning beyond words: Here the physician is criticizing the animal rights activists forbeing dishonest to the public.12 A more reasonable argument, however, can be advanced in our defense. Life isoften cruel to animals and human beings. Teenagers are flung from trucks andsuffer severe head injuries. Young children barely able to walk find themselves atthe bottom of swimming pools while a parent is occupied with something else.From everyday germs to gang violence, no life is free of pain. (Para. 4)Meaning: To defend our argument, we can provide more reasonable evidence. Life iscruel to both animals and human beings. We often see teenagers thrown out from trucks,suffering severe head injuries。 no life is free from pain.13 Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have onlythree choices:1) create an animal model of the problem to understand the processand test new therapies。 or 3) leave medical knowledge static, hoping thataccidental discoveries will lead us forward. (Para. 4)Meaning: According to the author, to reduce the neverending suffering from thesemisfortunes, physicians can only have three options: create an animal model, test onhuman beings, or stop doing medical research with the hope that one day some miraclewill happen.Meaning beyond words: The author’s position is indirectly stated that physicians canonly choose the first choice among these three to save the lives of human beings —create an animal model of the medical problem to imitate and understand the process ofthe medical treatment and to test new treatments.14 Some animal rights activists would suggest an optional fourth choice, claimingthat puter models can create animal experiments, thus omitting actualexperiments. (Para. 5)Meaning: Some animal rights activists might suggest a fourth choice to solve the problem:use puters to model animal experiments so that animal experiments can beeliminated.15 Computers can imitate the effects of wellunderstood principles on plexsystems, as in the application of the laws of physics to airplane and automobiledesign. (Para. 5)Meaning: Computers can model the effects of plex systems if the principles arewellunderstood, just as we apply the laws of physics to the design of airplanes andautomobiles.16 However, when the principles themselves are in question, as is the case with theplex biological systems of human life under study, puter modeling alone isof little value. (Para. 5)Meaning: However, puter modeling won’t be of great value when the principlesthemselves are questionable such as the plex biological systems of human life whichare stil under study.Meaning beyond words: The fourth suggestion is obviously not practical since it doesn’twork with plex systems.*Sentence structure note “as is the case with …” 句型*“as is (often) the case with …” 句型中，as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可以放在主句之前或之后, 表示“跟…的情況一樣”。例如：*As is the case with most children, Tony likes to play with smal animals. 跟大多數(shù)孩子一樣，托尼喜歡與小動(dòng)物玩。17 One of the terrifying effects of arresting the use of animals in medical research isthat the impact will not be felt for years or even decades. Drugs to cure infectionwill remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remainundeveloped, and fundamental biological processes that might have beenunderstood will remain mysteries. (Para. 6)Meaning: Here is one of the terrifying effects if animal research is stopped pletely:People won’t see the negative consequences till many years later. For example, newdrugs to cure infection won’t be discovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques won’t bedeveloped, and fundamental biological processes, which might otherwise be understood,will continue to be mysteries.Meaning beyond words: There will be substantially harmful consequences if animalresearch is stopped.18 There is the danger that quick decisions by wellmeaning politicians will createresolution to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protesters while theconsequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent untillong after. (Para. 6)Meaning: To meet the requests from the smal number of noisy protesters, the politicians,out of good intention, will make quick decisions to diplomatically resolve the problem.However, these political decisions have disastrous consequences which won’t be seenuntil far into the future.*wellmeaning: a. intending to be helpful, but not succeeding 本意良好的，出于好意的（但不成功）*A lot of problems can be caused by wellmeaning friends. 很多問(wèn)題會(huì)由好心辦壞事的朋