【正文】 a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _____________( have) an English lesson . 三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換： are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句 ) ① _______________________________________________ ② _______________________________________________ 2． I39。s getting dark 時(shí)態(tài)詳解 主要表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)可能是短語(yǔ)，詞組，或是一個(gè)從句。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于下面的情景中： 1）表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 ，例如： At this moment yesterday, I was packing for ，我正在收拾東西去露營(yíng)。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)所描述的動(dòng)作是 “正在進(jìn)行 ”，所以，在這種情景中用 “過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) ”可以給讀者一種 “動(dòng)感 ”，從而能使文章更加生動(dòng)活潑 。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái)，切斷了電源 …… 3)（僅限少數(shù)動(dòng)詞）表示在過(guò)去的未來(lái)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作。 She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。如： I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否讓我搭一下車。 How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生，您打算花多少錢？ 注：一般過(guò)去時(shí)也有類似用法，但比較而言，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)顯得更客氣，更不肯定。 She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了 150 頁(yè)。t met for many years .我們已多年沒(méi)見了。 2）表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？ She has been to the United States. 她已去美國(guó)了。 3）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù) It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。 So far we39。 幾點(diǎn)注意 1)一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么 時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思，以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。） He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。） He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，這里說(shuō) 明動(dòng)作的總和。） 2）在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)；如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：be , believe , consist , find , fet , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。 例如： Tom is being a good boy today .湯姆今天很乖。 You are not being modest .你這樣說(shuō)不太謙虛。 B. 在以 when 提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但 是可以用 before 來(lái)表示 以前 的意義，因?yàn)樗槐硎?以前 ，而不知什么時(shí)候的以前。在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用 It has been … ； since… 的句式來(lái)表達(dá)。 Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了 ? 【注】有時(shí)可用其他時(shí)態(tài)的情 況，但須注意： ① 對(duì)于某些表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 (如 seem 等 )，或因語(yǔ)義等方面的原因，有時(shí)可能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更合適： It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。 (指從星期二至昨天未吃東西 ) ③ 表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度時(shí)，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： It’s ten years since he left here. 他離開這兒已 10 年了。 We haven’t had any trouble so far. 到目前為止，我們還沒(méi)有遇到任何麻煩。 I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一個(gè)月里我都在這兒。 (4) up to [until] now(到現(xiàn)在為止 )： Up to now, the work has been easy. 到現(xiàn)在為止這工作還算容易。 (5) It’s [will be] the first time that…( 第一次 …) ： It’s the first time I’ve e here. 這是我第一次來(lái)這兒。 例句： I have seen the film already. 我已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影了。 ) Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了嗎 ? (你知道它在哪里 ? ) She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已當(dāng)了十年的舞蹈演員了。s happened to him . Ａ . knew Ｂ . have known Ｃ . must know Ｄ .will know He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ . already Ｂ .never Ｃ .ever Ｄ . still Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ . just Ｂ . ago Ｃ .before Ｄ . a moment ago The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year Ａ . is writing Ｂ .was writing Ｃ .wrote Ｄ .has written Our country ______ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ . has changed 。 good Ｃ . has changed 。 better 6 、 Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . Ａ . was 。 study Ｃ . has 。 studying We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ . know Ｂ . had known Ｃ . have known Ｄ . knew Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . Ａ . will see Ｂ . have seen Ｃ . saw Ｄ .see These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _____ there ? Ａ . will they go Ｂ . did they go Ｃ . do they go Ｄ . have they gone ______ you ___ your homework yet ? Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ) This factory ________ for twenty years. 2Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ) Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago. 3Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . 4The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ) _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce. 5 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子 ) 三、漢譯英 1 她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新電影。 3 他這些天上哪兒去了？ 七、 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 內(nèi)涵 (簡(jiǎn)單內(nèi)涵 ) 1. 發(fā)生在 “過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ” g When I woke up, it had stopped raining. eg Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. eg By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. 時(shí)態(tài)詳解 一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即 過(guò)去的過(guò)去（ pastinthepast ） 。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the position by 10 ： 00 this morning. 二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o39。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示 過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。t. 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。t seen each other since he went to Beijing. 三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法 1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前 已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在 過(guò)去的過(guò)去 。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ） 2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是 過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。此時(shí)多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用