【正文】
太陽能跟蹤控制領(lǐng)域存在的數(shù)字控制價格昂貴,模擬控制適應性差,精度低的問題。本控制系統(tǒng)是閉環(huán)的控制系統(tǒng),單片機在控制系統(tǒng)作為主要的執(zhí)行元件。執(zhí)行部件使用步進電機。對于傳感器單片機根據(jù)光敏電阻所給的反饋信息,已決定電機不同時刻的輸入角度以及轉(zhuǎn)動方向,進而發(fā)出其對應的脈沖個數(shù)和方向。STC89C52是一種低功耗,高性能的8位單品機。研究展望:[8]由于國內(nèi)太陽能開發(fā)利用的水平還不是很高,國產(chǎn)太陽能跟蹤器的精度有待進一步的提高,民用太陽能跟蹤裝置由原來依靠重力,壓差的被動跟蹤方式,發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在利用傳感器的主動跟蹤方式,經(jīng)歷了一個很長的時間,當時主要是由于工業(yè)控制成本過高,所以機構(gòu)相對來說設(shè)計的比較簡單,精度較低,隨著工業(yè)控制的迅速普及,其成本也大幅下降,可以提高控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性和實時跟蹤性,從而促進了跟蹤裝置機構(gòu)的跟蹤發(fā)展。因此研究范圍大,精度高,成本低廉的跟蹤控制裝置成為發(fā)展的必然趨勢。從她負責指導我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計開始,就對我設(shè)計中的每一個環(huán)節(jié)都不遺余力地給予我?guī)椭?。在這里我還要感謝在沈陽理工大學所有教過我的老師,在大學這幾年學習期間給予了我良好的學習環(huán)境與學習氛圍,讓我學習到豐富的專業(yè)知識和待人處事的方法,提高了我的自學的能力,分析能力和解決問題的能力。參考文獻[1] 1994[2][M].北京:北京航空航天大學出版社,2004。[4][M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004。[6][M].北京:清華大學出版社,2004。[8]太陽能: 附錄A 英文原文Solar Tracking SystemSolar tracking system is thermal and photovoltaic power generation process, the most optimal use of sunlight, to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the mechanical system and the electronic control unit, prising: a motor (DC, stepper, servo, planetarygear motor, motor plunger ), worm, sensor systems and so on.In the solar photovoltaic applications: Keep solar panels facing the sun at any time, so that at any time the vertical rays of sunlight illuminated solar panels power plant, the use of solar tracking system can significantly improve the power generation efficiency of solar photovoltaic modules.Due to the Earth39。s illumination angle changes all the time, effectively guaranteed solar panels can always being right Solar power generation efficiency will reach the best condition. Currently the world39。 principle, circuit, technology, equipment is very plexMiscellaneous, nonprofessionals can not easily operate. Hebei, a solar photovoltaic power generation panies exclusively developed with worldleading level, do not calculate the position of the sun around the data, free software, not afraid cloudy, thunderstorms, cloudy and other inclement weather, has been the default system device saver, dustproof effect strong wind resistance, easy to use, low cost, anytime, anywhere on your mobile device can accurately track the sun39。s firstgeneration tracker technology based on integrated use of a variety of environments around the situation, the solar tracking system was fully upgraded and improved, so that the solar tracking system has bee allweather, fullfeatured, Super energy saving, intelligent solar tracking system. The solar tracking system has a normal (good weather conditions) under the Japanese track status and harsh climatic conditions and the state of the system of selfprotection equipment to protect themselves from the normal state automatically and quickly converted to the Japanese track three cases.Adds a GPS positioning system, the solar tracking system is the first fully puter software without spatial orientation of the sun tracker, a leading international level, it is possible without geographical, weather conditions and external conditions, can be 50 ℃ to 70 ℃ ambient temperature range of normal use。 ?? 176。2 intermittent tracking. If there is a period of time of day is cloudy or cloudy or inclement weather, the system will be screened out as unsuitable track, the entire system will be in a suspended state. Until light and track conditions are suitable, the system will be a fasttrack instruction, so that roughly aligned with the sun tracker. , The program will conduct another set of signal acquisition and processing, plete the fine tracking。(2) the field of solar thermal parabolic track (such as solar cookers, solar heating temperature, solar thermal and chemical)。(4) solar thermal power tower and so on.附錄B 中文翻譯太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)是光熱和光伏發(fā)電過程中,最優(yōu)化太陽光使用,達到提高光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率的機械及電控單元系統(tǒng),包括:電機(直流、步進、伺服、行星減速電機、推桿電機等)、渦輪蝸桿、傳感器系統(tǒng)等等。由于地球的自轉(zhuǎn),相對于某一個固定地點的太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng),一年春夏秋冬四季、每天日升日落,太陽的光照角度時時刻刻都在變化,有效的保證太陽能電池板能夠時刻正對太陽,發(fā)電效率才會達到最佳狀態(tài)。采用的是電腦數(shù)據(jù)理論,需要地球經(jīng)緯度地區(qū)的的數(shù)據(jù)和設(shè)定,一旦安裝,就不便移動或裝拆,每次移動完就必須重新計算參數(shù)、設(shè)定數(shù)據(jù)和調(diào)整各個參數(shù);原理、電路、技術(shù)、設(shè)備都很復雜,非專業(yè)人士不能夠隨便操作。該太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)在該公司第一代跟蹤儀的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上,綜合各地各種環(huán)境下的使用情況,對太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)進行了全面的升級和改進,使該太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)成為全天候、全功能、超節(jié)能、智能型太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)。增加了GPS定位系統(tǒng),該太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)是國內(nèi)首家完全不用電腦軟件的太陽空間定位跟蹤儀,具有國際領(lǐng)先水平,能夠不受地域、天氣狀況和外部條件的限制,可以在50℃至70℃環(huán)境溫度范圍內(nèi)正常使用;跟蹤精度可以達到177。最大限度的提高太陽跟蹤精度,完美實現(xiàn)適時跟蹤,最大限度提高太陽光能利用率。把加裝了太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)的太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)安裝在高速行駛的汽車、火車,以及通訊應急車、特種軍用汽車、軍艦或輪船上,不論系統(tǒng)向何方行駛、如何調(diào)頭、拐彎,該太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)都能保證設(shè)備的要求跟蹤部位正對太陽!該太陽能跟蹤控制技術(shù)屬于具有我國自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的國家發(fā)明專利產(chǎn)品,發(fā)明專利申請?zhí)枺?,現(xiàn)已大批量投產(chǎn)。如一天當中有一段時間為多云或陰天或惡劣天氣時,該系統(tǒng)將甄別為不適宜跟蹤,整個系統(tǒng)便處于暫停狀態(tài)。之后,程序會進行另一組信號采集處理,完成精細跟蹤;3. 自動回位。第二天再自動進入新一輪的運轉(zhuǎn)。該太陽能跟蹤系統(tǒng)的主要應用領(lǐng)域:(1)光伏領(lǐng)域的平板光伏發(fā)電和500倍以下的CPV系統(tǒng);(2)光熱領(lǐng)域的拋物面跟蹤(如太陽灶、高溫太陽能采暖、太陽能熱化工等);(3)太陽能槽式集熱;(4)太陽能塔式熱電等。 //ab變量定義在RAM的可位尋址區(qū)sbit abit0 = ab ^ 0。sbit abit2 = ab ^ 2。sbit abit4 = ab ^ 4。sbit abit6 = ab ^ 6。 //給ab的各個位取名sbit ad43_cs = P1 ^ 3。 //sbit addr43 = P1 ^ 1。 //////鍵盤引腳定義//define KeyPort P3////步進電機引腳定義//sbit A1=P2^1。sbit C1=P2^3。define Coil_AB1 {A1=1。C1=0。}//AB相通電,其他相斷電define Coil_BC1 {A1=0。C1=1。}//BC相通電,其他相斷電define Coil_CD1 {A1=0。C1=1。}//CD相通電,其他相斷電define Coil_DA1 {A1=1。C1=0。}//AD相通電,其他相斷電define Coil_A1 {A1=1。C1=0。}//A相通電,其他相斷電define Coil_B1 {A1=0。C1=0。}//B相通電,其他相斷電define Coil_C1 {A1=0。C1=1。}//C相通電,其他相斷電define Coil_D1 {A1=0。C1=0。}//D相通電,其他相斷電define Coil_OFF {A1=0。C1=0。}//全部斷電//void Init_Timer1(void)。void DelayUs2x(unsigned char t)。int AD_1543(uchar n)。////主函數(shù)//void main(void){ uchar num。uint adc2=0。Coil_OFF。 //循環(huán)調(diào)用按鍵掃描 if(num==1) { StopFlag=0。 StopFlag=1。 adc2= AD_1543(0X01)。 else if(adc1 adc2) flag = 1。 }}void Init_Timer1(void){TMOD |= 0x10。 EA=1。 //定時器中斷打開 TR1=1。 //優(yōu)先級打開}// uS延時函數(shù),含有輸入?yún)?shù) unsigned char t,無返回值 unsigned char 是定義無符號字符變量,其值的范圍是 0~255 這里使用晶振12M,精確延時請使用匯編,大致延時 長度如下 T=tx2+5 uS //void DelayUs2x(unsigned char t){ while(