【正文】 that only a fraction of it, maybe 2030%, converts into meaningful genetic information. It’s incredible。 it is sort of like the plastic tip on each end of shoelace. It means not help you tie your shoe but that little plastic tip keeps the rest of the shoelace, the shoe string from unraveling into weak and useless threads. Well, the telomere at the end of Chromosomes seems to do about the same thing protect the genes the genetically functional parts of the Chromosome from being damaged. Every time the Chromosome divides, every time one cell divides into two. Pieces of the ends of the Chromosome, the telomere, get broken off. So after each division, the telomere gets shorter and one of the things that may happen after a while is that pieces of the genes themselves get broken off the Chromosomes. So the Chromosome is now losing important genetically information and is no longer functional. But as long as the telomeres are at certain length they keep this from happening. So it seems that, when the, by looking at the length of the telomeres on specific Chromosomes we can actually predict pretty much how long certain cells can successfully go on dividing. Other some cells just seem to keep on dividing regardless which mean not be always a good thing if it gets out of control.But when we analyze the cells chemically we find something very interesting, a chemical in them, and an enzyme called telomerase. As bits of the telomere break off from the end of Chromosome, this chemical, this telomerase can rebuild it, can help resemble the protected DNA, the telomere that the Chromosome is lost. Someday we may be able to take any cell and keep it alive functioning and reproducing itself essentially forever through the use of telomerase. And in the future we may have virtually immortal nerve cells and immortal skin cells of whatever because of these chemical, telomerase can keep the telomere on the ends of Chromosomes from getting any shorter.Lecture 2NarratorListen to part of a lecture in a Business ClassProfessorOk, as we’ve talked about a key aspect of running a successful business is knowing, um, getting a good sense of what the customer actually wants, and how they perceive your product. So with that in mind, I want to describe a very simple method of researching customer preference, and it is being increasingly mon, it39。s not the most technical sounding name you39。s a great way to discover for yourself, how your product is perceived, what the strengths and weaknesses are, you know, how to you can improved it that sort of thing, you know Dortans, they make soup and can vegetables and such. Well, the head of the pany, had Dortans’ topped executives walk around supermarkets, um, asking shoppers what they thought of Dortans’ soup, and he use the data to make changes to the pany39。s a good question, and well I don39。s cloths. Now that give them a very different idea about their product, they saw how people responded to it。m shopping, I don39。s.. It39。s certainly true that well no one likes getting calls at home from market researchers or people like that, but I will tell you something. Most customers have exact opposite reaction when they es to MBWA. Now, don39。 he see how the trash was sometimes, um, not pick up but off side the street and then they go back to the office and they write these memos, and these memos to stuff about the problems he had seen, and how they needed to be fixed, you know that sort of thing, but the thing is he got all the information just by going around and seeing the different Botamore neighborhoods and talking to the people in them, and he called it small politics, we39。 except I have a question about my paycheck.SecretarySure. What’ up?StudentWell it’s already been several weeks at the end of the semester my check was supposed to go directly into my bank account but there haven’t been any deposits.SecretaryThat’s odd.StudentYea, I thought graduate teaching a system for automatically put on the payroll at the beginning of the semester. SecretaryThey are. Let’s see did you plete all the forms for the payroll?StudentI filled in whatever they sent me, and I returned like the end of August.SecretaryHum, well, you definitely should have been paid by now. At least two pay periods have passed since thenStudentI asked the bank and they didn’t know anything. Who should I talk to about this, payroll?SecretaryI’m going to contact them for you. There was a problem in processing some of the graduate students’ payroll paper work.‘Cause their puter program crashed after all the information was processed. And some people’s information couldn’t be retrieved.StudentHum. But why didn’t any one let me know?SecretaryI don’t know how they work over there, ‘cause they couldn’t even figure out whose information was missing. And this isn’t the first time, seems like something like this happens every semester.StudentSo how do I find out if my information was lost?SecretaryI will contact them tomorrow morning to see if you’re in the system. But you’re probably not.StudentWhat then will let me to do?SecretarySorry but you will need to fill out those forms again and then I will fax them over the payroll office.StudentAnd then what… Well, what I really need to know is how long till I get the money, I’m already a month behind my bills and my tuitions due soon.SecretaryThat’ll get you into the system the same day they receive your paper works. So if you do that tomorrow, you’ll get paid next Friday.StudentThat’s a long time from now. Will that pay checking include all the money I am owed?SecretaryIt should. I will double check with the payroll department.StudentAnd another thing, Is there any way I could get paid sooner, I have been teaching all these weeks…SecretaryI know that’s not fair but I don’t think they can do anythi