【正文】 圖84 折流板9 開孔補強確定殼體和接管的計算厚度及開孔直徑 由已知條件得殼體計算厚度 接管計算厚度為 (91) 其中 選用20鋼 查附表9得 開孔直徑為： (92) 確定殼體和接管實際厚度，開孔有效補強面積及外側(cè)有效補強高度h 已知殼體名義厚度，補強部分厚度為 接管有效補強寬度為 B=2d= (93) 接管外側(cè)有效補強高度 (94) 計算需要補強的金屬面積和可以作為補強的金屬面積需要補強的金屬面積為： (95) 可以作為補強的金屬面積為： (96) (97) (98) 比較，所以殼程接管需要補強，而管程接管的公稱直徑較大，也需要補強。綜上，得換熱器開孔補強結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖：圖91 換熱器開孔補強結(jié)構(gòu)10 支座采用圓筒形裙式支座，裙座與塔體的連接采用焊接，由于對接焊縫的焊縫受壓，可承受較大的軸向力，故采用對接形式。并且取裙座的厚度與封頭的厚度相同，即裙座尺寸為Ф9007mm.。圖101 裙座殼與殼體的對接型式。表43 混凝土基礎的許用應力Ra混凝土標號 Ra/MPa混凝土標號 Ra/MPa混凝土標號 Ra/MPa75 100 150 200 250 同樣，根據(jù)工藝要求和前人的經(jīng)驗，可確定基礎環(huán)的厚度為20mm，材料選用為Q235A。 地腳螺栓承受的最大拉應力為 如果，則設備自身足夠穩(wěn)定，但為了固定塔設備的位置，應設置一定數(shù)量的地腳螺栓。計算時可先按4的倍數(shù)假設地腳螺栓的數(shù)量為n，此時地腳螺栓的螺紋小徑（mm）:螺紋小徑與公稱直徑見下表。C。C； a——管間距，mm；Ф——焊接接頭系數(shù)，無量綱； di——殼體內(nèi)徑，mm；b——正六邊形對角線上的管子數(shù)，個； do——殼體外徑，mm；Lｎ——換熱管長度，ｍｍ； Pc——計算壓力，MPa。［Pｗ］——最大允許工作壓力，MPa； P——設計壓力，MPa。 δ——計算壁厚，mm；DN——直徑（公稱），ｍｍ； δd——設計壁厚，mm；ＰＮ——公稱壓力，MPa； δn——名義壁厚，mm；Ｐｔ——管子的工作壓力，MPa； δe——有效壁厚，mm；Ｐｓ——殼體的工作壓力，MPa； C——厚度附加量，mm；△ｔ——管殼壁溫度，176。 C1——鋼板的負偏差，mm；［ｑ］——許用拉脫力，MPa。C。謝 辭 通過這次課程設計，讓我對《化工設備機械基礎》這門課有了進一步的認識。 設計時要有一個明確的思路，要考慮多種因素包括環(huán)境條件和介質(zhì)的性質(zhì)等再選擇合適的設計參數(shù)，對換熱器的材料和結(jié)構(gòu)確定之后還要進行一系列校核計算，包括管子直徑、殼體厚度，管板選擇等。 通過這次設計對我們獨自解決問題的能力也有所提高。在設計的最后附管試換熱器的圖，在繪圖的整個過程中，我對化工制圖更加熟悉。這就為我們做畢業(yè)設計打下了基礎。而您開朗的個性和寬容的態(tài)度，幫助我能夠很順利的完成了這次課程設計。最后感謝老師對這次課設的評閱。2. 殼體及封頭壁厚計算及其強度、穩(wěn)定性校核（1）根據(jù)設計壓力初定壁厚；（2）確定管板結(jié)構(gòu)、尺寸及拉脫力、溫差應力；（3）計算是否安裝膨脹節(jié)；（4）確定殼體的壁厚、封頭的選擇及壁厚，并進行強度和穩(wěn)定性校核。6. 編寫設計說明書一份7. 繪制2號裝配圖一張，Auto CAD繪3號圖一張（塔設備的）。（3）由工藝計算求得換熱面積為120m2，每組增加10 m2。（5）殼體與支座對接焊接，塔體焊接接頭系數(shù)Φ=（6）圖紙：參考圖752，注意：尺寸需根據(jù)自己的設計的尺寸標注。、圖紙、平時表現(xiàn)及答辯綜合評分。（1）選擇材料的原則；（2）確定各零、部件的材質(zhì)；（3）確定焊接材料。（4）寫出圖紙上的技術(shù)要求、技術(shù)特性表、接管表、標題明細表等、封頭壁厚設計（1）筒體、封頭及支座壁厚設計；（2）焊接接頭設計；（3）壓力試驗驗算；、部件選擇及補強計算：（1）接管及法蘭選擇：根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)草圖統(tǒng)一編制表格。補強計算。補強計算。：對自己所做的設計進行小結(jié)與評價，經(jīng)驗與收獲?！靖袷揭蟆浚?； ；； 、內(nèi)容、頁碼；。七、主要參考資料1. 《化工設備機械基礎課程設計指導書》.化學工業(yè)出版. 2.《化工設備機械基礎》第五版 刁與瑋 王立業(yè) 編著 ；3. 《化工單元過程與設備設計》匡國柱 史啟才 主編；4.《化工制圖》華東化工學院制圖教研室編 人民教育出版社 1980；5.《化工設備機械基礎》參考資料；6.《鋼制壓力容器》GB1501998；7.《鋼制塔式容器》JB47101992；8. GB1511999 《管殼式換熱器》1999年； 9.《壓力容器安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程》國家質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督局 1999年。 you don39。 your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seetagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as at charge you more than 35% of your pensation a damagesbased agreement, you should make sure you39。To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by , click onEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasfor the racist behaviour of their fans durings 21 win.Michel Platini, president of European football39。s actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.　　一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?？傆X得自己自己似乎應該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?　　而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。t really grow up, it seems is not so important。t want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can39。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.　　原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學反應的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。s time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a selfrighteous spiritual.　　一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。 Those were broken into various shapes of stationery。 Have declared the end of the encounter that haven39。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃……那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕