【正文】 對(duì)分揀傳送帶進(jìn)行屬性設(shè)置：因?yàn)橐獙?duì)兩種實(shí)體進(jìn)行分揀，并且送入立體倉(cāng)庫(kù)，則對(duì)分揀傳送帶設(shè)置如下： 然后對(duì)傳送帶進(jìn)行屬性設(shè)置，調(diào)整與分揀傳送帶的位置關(guān)系，依次設(shè)置貨架、堆垛機(jī)、任務(wù)分配器、叉車(chē)、多道工序加工器等，使其能正確完 整的進(jìn)行仿真作業(yè)，所有步驟完成后的模型如圖： 20 運(yùn)行截圖如圖所示： 該配送中心包含功能齊全，有分揀功能、儲(chǔ)存功能、包裝加工功能、運(yùn)輸功能和信息處理功能。 配送中心作業(yè)過(guò)程數(shù)據(jù)分析 暫存區(qū) 1,容量設(shè)置成 25，通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)觀察暫存區(qū)容量的狀態(tài)餅狀圖，發(fā)現(xiàn)暫存區(qū)內(nèi)等待入庫(kù)的實(shí)體比例保持在一定水平，基本變化不大，且沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)臨時(shí)實(shí)體帶 昂囤積現(xiàn)象，所以不需要改進(jìn)。 貨架，該模型中有四個(gè)貨架，每個(gè)貨架容量均為 100，而運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，貨架中的臨時(shí)實(shí)體數(shù)量一直不到 10，未曾堆積，而且還有兩個(gè)貨架一直沒(méi)有用到，所以應(yīng)該去除沒(méi)有用到的兩個(gè)貨架，并把庫(kù)存量大的貨架換為容量較小的，對(duì)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，降低設(shè)施成本。 22 圖 5 堆垛機(jī) 1 的狀態(tài)圖 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析出庫(kù)傳送帶的工作狀態(tài)圖，粉色代表空閑狀態(tài)，藍(lán)色代表臨時(shí)實(shí)體在傳送帶上，由圖得知傳送帶未出現(xiàn)擁堵?tīng)顩r，無(wú)需優(yōu)化。這是系統(tǒng)急需優(yōu)化的地方。 23 圖 8 出庫(kù)暫存區(qū)狀態(tài)圖 兩輛叉車(chē)的狀態(tài)分析：粉色代表搬運(yùn)臨時(shí)實(shí)體區(qū)域、紫色代表送完實(shí)體回程時(shí)間、紅色區(qū)域代表空閑時(shí)間、藍(lán)色區(qū)域代表從休息到開(kāi)始 搬運(yùn)臨時(shí)實(shí)體的時(shí)間、綠色代表徒勞無(wú)意義行程的時(shí)間，由圖可知叉車(chē)的空閑時(shí)間很多，設(shè)備配置比不合適，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于最優(yōu)的工作狀態(tài)，為了節(jié)約成本，急需優(yōu)化。 圖 10 合成器狀態(tài)圖 優(yōu)化后的配送中心 優(yōu)化后的模型：按照本文上節(jié)分析，對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，優(yōu)化后的運(yùn)行圖： 24 圖 1 優(yōu)化后的配 送中心模型布局 圖 2 優(yōu)化后的運(yùn)行 優(yōu)化后的配送中心縮短分揀傳送帶的長(zhǎng)度，節(jié)約設(shè)備成本，提高了分揀效率，減少了操作人員的配比，減少了勞動(dòng)支出，但同時(shí)也增加了儲(chǔ)存成本，造成出庫(kù)時(shí)貨物堆積，出庫(kù)不夠迅速及時(shí)，雖然一段時(shí)間內(nèi)沒(méi)有造成系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行停止，但隨著時(shí)間流逝，很容易造成貨物堆積，系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行停止。 圖 3 優(yōu)化后操作員狀態(tài)圖 圖 4 優(yōu)化后叉車(chē)狀態(tài)欄 優(yōu)化后的分揀傳送帶運(yùn)行狀態(tài)分析：通過(guò)兩個(gè)狀態(tài)圖的對(duì)比，可以看出臨時(shí) 25 實(shí)體在分揀系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間很短，流通順暢，使得配送中心作業(yè)效率得到很大提高。由此可見(jiàn)，優(yōu)化后的該配送中心系統(tǒng)只適合配送小批量、流通速度快的產(chǎn)品，而不適合大批量產(chǎn)品。同時(shí)， flexsim 軟件的使用，避免了企業(yè)盲目投資造成資金流失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而且能夠方便快捷的對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，并準(zhǔn)確有效的解決，減少企 業(yè)建設(shè)過(guò)程中不必要的損失。 26 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]馬向國(guó)，鄔躍 .現(xiàn)代物流系統(tǒng)仿真與優(yōu)化技術(shù) [M].北京：中國(guó)物資出版社 . [2]陳圖深 .加快我國(guó)物流中心的發(fā)展特區(qū)理論和實(shí)踐 [J].特區(qū)理論與實(shí)踐 . [3]石偉 .物流配送中心的系統(tǒng)仿真 [J].物流技術(shù)與應(yīng)用 . [4]王凱嶺 .如何降低物流成本 [J].內(nèi)蒙古統(tǒng)計(jì) .. [5] 葉懷珍，邱少平，馮春 .物流工程學(xué) [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 . [6]丁俊發(fā) .國(guó)內(nèi)外物流發(fā)展新趨勢(shì) [J].維普資訊 . [7]劉瑞 .配送中心的自動(dòng)化及智能化 [J].維普資訊 . [8]程國(guó)全 .物流技術(shù)與裝備 [M].北京：高等教育出版社 . [9]Charles R . Harrell , Rochelle N . Price .Simulation Modeling Using Promodel Technology[J]. Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference,. [10]Wendy K . Bloechle , Daniel Schunk . Micro Saint Sharp Simulation Software[J]. Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference,2022,12. 27 致 謝 歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)月，論文終于要完成了。尤其是在軟件的使用方面，由于自己的原因，軟件不熟悉，曲老師不辭辛苦，犧牲自己的休息時(shí)間，指導(dǎo)我的學(xué)習(xí)，并對(duì)論文內(nèi)容悉心指導(dǎo)，使我順利完成論文。 同時(shí)也要感謝大學(xué)里的各科任課老師，如果沒(méi)有你們的諄諄教誨，我也不能熟練運(yùn)用專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，順利完成論文。 三人行，必有我?guī)煛? 28 29 請(qǐng)刪除以下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！ The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists39。 loan amp。 the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, pared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure…. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable ine, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business…. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelt39。s plan contribution must meet certain minimum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage taxdeferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, reducing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 9734, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the tax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $17,850 of ine for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining ine. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to twoine married couples that had been used to avoid the marriage penalty (a greater tax liability incurred when two persons filed their ine tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the personal exemption exclusion was increased, an exemption for elderly and blind persons who itemize deductions was repealed. In addition, a special capital gains rate was repeale