【正文】 rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water pares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without 10 being broken. 1. How many theories does the author mention? (A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four 2. The passage answers which of the following questions? (A) What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage? (B) When do dead cells harm plant growth? (C) How does water get to the tops of trees? (D) Why is root pressure weak? 3. The word demonstrated in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) ignored (B) showed (C) disguised (D) distinguished 4. What do the experiments mentioned in lines 57 prove? (A) Plant stems die when deprived of water (B) Cells in plant stems do not pump water (C) Plants cannot move water to high altitudes (D) Plant cells regulate pressure within stems do botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants? (A) Some very tall trees have weak root pressure. (B) Root pressures decrease in winter. (C) Plants can live after their roots die. (D) Water in a plant39。 by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still mute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of muting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people. Of course, many were never occupied。 their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth. 23. The passage supports which of the following conclusions? (A) Some species of ichthyosaurs decayed more rapidly than other species. (B) Ichthyosaur newborns are smaller than other newborn marine reptiles. (C) Ichthyosaurs were more advanced than terrestrial creatures. (D) Ichthyosaurs may have gathered at Holzmaden to give birth. 24. The word they in line 3 refers to (A) skeletons (B) scavengers (C) creatures (D) environments 25. All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization EXCEPT the (A) speed of burial (B) conditions of the water (C) rate at which soft tissues decay (D) cause of death of the animal. 26. Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage? (A) They include examples of newly discovered species. (B) They contain large numbers of wellpreserved specimens (C) They are older than fossils found in other places (D) They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils. 27. The word outstanding in line 14 is closest in meaning to (A) extensive (B) surprising (C) vertical (D) excellent 14 28. The word site in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) example (B) location (C) development (D) characteristic 29. Why does the author mention the specimen preserved in the birth canal (line 19)? (A) To illustrate that the embryo fossils are quite advanced in their development (B) To explain why the fossils are well preserved (C) To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died (D) To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine animals. 30. The word they in line 22 refers to (A) pregnant females and young (B) quarry operations (C) the value of the fossils (D) these factors phrase account for in line 25 is closest in meaning to (A) record (B) describe (C) equal (D) explain of the following best expresses the relationship between the first and second paragraphs? (A) The first paragraph describes a place while the second paragraph describes a field of study. (B) The first paragraph defines the terms that are used in the second paragraph. (C) The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general topic discussed in the first paragraph. (D) The second paragraph presents information that contrasts with the information given in the first paragraph. in the passage does the author mentions the variety of fossils found at Holzmaden? (A) Line 1 (B) Lines 35 (C) Lines 1213 (D) Lines 1921 Questions 3441 The Lewis and Clark expedition, sponsored by President Jefferson, was the most important official examination of the high plains and the Northwest before the War of 1812. The President3