北大生化課件14(2)-閱讀頁
2025-06-04 22:27本頁面
【正文】 The plete pathway was described around 1940. Dglucose occupies a central position in metabolism NADPH + (fat) Other biomolecules The metabolic fates of glucose involves hundreds or thousands of chemical transformations. CO2 + H2O Dglucose ?G39。 occurring in very active skeleton muscle, some bacteria like lactobacilli Lactic acid Fermentation: 乳酸脫氫酶 Present only in those alcohol fermentative Organisms Present in many anisms including human Pyruvate be decarboxylated and reduced to form ethanol in some microanisms Ethanol Fermentation: 丙酮酸脫羧酶 乙醇脫氫酶 Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is involved in the cleavage of CC bonds adjacent to a carbonyl group. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is used to synthesize TPP. A lack of Vitamin B1 in humans will result in a condition known as Beriberi Many carbohydrates meet their catabolic fate in glycolysis ? Polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen are first degraded into glucoses via hydrolysis in extracellular spaces (catalyzed by aamylases and other enzymes), but into glucose 1phosphate via phosphorolysis inside cells (catalyzed by phosphorylases). ? Oligosaccharides (., sucrose, lactose, trehalose etc) are degraded into monosaccharides before further transformed. ? Hexoses other than glucose can also be catabolized via the glycolytic pathway after being converted to a phosphorylated derivative. HOH OH aamylase Pentose phosphate pathway converts glucose to specialized products needed by cell biosynthesis: NADPH and Ribose 5phosphate This is primarily an anabolic pathway. To counter the damaging effects of oxygen radicals For Reductive biosynthesis Some biological roles served by PPP Nucleotide biosynthesis PPP in rapidly dividing cells Glucose Glycogen Cyclic ester The Nonoxidative phase of PPP Isomerization amp
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