【正文】 trick Gage Kelley December 2021 Each time a user installs an application on their Android phone they are presented with a full screen of information describing what access they will be granting that application. This information is intended to help them make two choices: whether or not they trust that the application will not damage the security of their device and whether or not they are willing to share their information with the application, developer, and partners in question. We performed a series of semistructured interviews in two cities to determine whether people read and understand these permissions screens, and to better understand how people perceive the implications of these decisions. We find that the permissions displays are generally viewed and read, but not understood by Android users. Alarmingly, we find that people are unaware of the security risks associated with mobile apps and believe that app market places test and reject applications. In sum, users are not currently well prepared to make informed privacy and security decisions around installing applications. Keywords: privacy, security, android, applications, smartphone, permission, information design 1 Introduction Since the launch of the first Android phone in October 2021 the rise of the platform has been meteoric. Android phones accounted for over half of all smartphone sales as of Q3 2021. With each smartphone sold, more users are downloading applications from the Android Market. As of May 2021[6], Google reported that over 200,000 applications were available in the Android Market and that those applications had been installed billion times in total [2]. Applications are not prescreened。 Noble gift cards. 5 Demographics and Survey Responses Our online survey was pleted by 77 participants, 20 of whom pleted the lab interview. Participants P1P6 is from Seattle, P7P20 from participants is female, and 10 are male. The ages of our participants range from 19 to 48, with an average of 29. Six of our participants were in techrelated fields, the other fourteen were not. Fourteen of our participants have been using Android for less than a year, five participants reported up to two years of use, and only one reported having used Android for more than two years. A Conundrum of Permissions: Installing Applications on and Android Smartphone 6 6 Results and Discussion The following sections detail our findings and participants’ thoughts on various parts of the Android ecosystem. We begin with the responses to six of the ten permissions we asked participants to explain. These responses highlight the broad range of often inaccurate knowledge around the humanreadable terms Android provides to users at application install. Next, we discuss general concerns, response to Android in the media, and awareness of malicious applications. Permissions Display Understanding Half of our participants mentioned the existence of the permissions display before being promoted. When a participant did mention the display, we immediately showed a paper example of one (using the Face book, Pandora, or Amazon Kindle permissions, Screen 3 of Figure 1). Many reported reading, or at least Participant overview Table 1. Overview of out 20 survey participants. Columns 24, list their age, gender, and industry. Columns 58 list their phone provider, phone model, Android OS version, and the amount of time they have primarily used Android devices. Columns’ 9 and 10 show the number of apps they have downloaded and the number they report frequently using. All information is selfreported. Participants were able to identify these screens, recognized them immediately, and Phone Phone OS Time Using Apps Apps Gender Age Occupation provider model version Android downloaded really used 1 Female 24 Education Verizon LG Ally I am not sure 16 months 110 A few 15 2 Male 48 Other Verizon HTC Incredible Froyo 16 months 1125 A few 15 3 Male 44 Agriculture TMobile Motorola Cliq Cupcake 12 years 101+ A ton 20+ 4 Male 19 Food Service TMobile Galaxy S Eclair 16 months 1125 A bunch 620 5 Female 45 Legal Sprint HTC EVO 4G Honeyb 16 months 110 A bunch 620 6 Female 26 Retail Sprint Samsung Replenish I am not sure 16 months 110 A bunch 620 7 Female 34 Engineering TMobile LG Optimus Eclair 7 months1 year 1125 A few 15 8 Male 23 Computers Verizon Motorola Droid X Gingerbread 7 months1 year 26100 A ton 20+ 9 Female 25 Other Verizon Motorola Droid X I am not sure Less than 1 month 110 A few 15 10 Male 32 Engineering TMobile HTC G2 Eclair 7 months1 year 1125 A bunch 620 11 Female 21 Entertainment Sprint Something Samsung I am not sure 16 months 110 A few 15 12 Female 22 Other TMobile HTC MyTouch 4G I am not sure 7 months1 year 1125 A few 15 13 Female 21 Don’t work Sprint HTC Evo Shift Gingerbread 12 years 110 A few 15 14 Male 20 Real Estate Verizon Motorola Droid X Gingerbread 12 years 101+ A bunch 620 15 Male 36 Media / Publishing Verizon Motorola Droid 2 Froyo 7 months1 year 110 A few 15 16 Male 22 Engineering Sprint HTC EVO 4G Gingerbread 16 months 26100 A bunch 620 17 Male 22 Don’t work Verizon Motorola Droid 2 I am not sure 12 years 26100 A bunch 620 18 Female 23 Other TMobile HTC G2 Gingerbread More than 2 years 26100 A bunch 620 19 Male 46 Engineering ATamp。T Galaxy S II Gingerbread Less than 1 month 110 A few 15 A Conundrum of Permissions: Installing Applications on and Android Smartphone 7 occasionally felt very strongly about them. When asked if he read these screens frequently, one such participant said, “Yeah, all the time. It is just so easy for those apps to do whatever they