【正文】 ight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years39。City trees grew faster because they had less petition for light from their neighbors. In a forest，trees tend to grow close together，shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gasburning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak.（1）What can he known about CO2 from paragraph 2? A.It greatly accelerates the process of global warming.C.It prevents the earth from being unsuitable to live on.（2）Why did researchers track the diameters of trees? A.To find out how much they weigh.C.To assess the carbon amounts in them.（3）What advantage do city trees have over forest trees? A.They can enjoy more water ing from the air.C.They are better at peting for light.（4）What will probably be talked about if the passage is continued? A.B.How trees respond to dry soil conditions.D.一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：與長(zhǎng)在森林中的樹木相比，城市里的樹木長(zhǎng)得更快，但死得更早。根據(jù)第二段中的“the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2.”可知，如果沒有二氧化碳，地球?qū)?huì)極冷或極熱。故選D。根據(jù)第四段中的“To figure on how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters.”可知，研究人員監(jiān)測(cè)樹木的直徑是為了了解樹木的生長(zhǎng)速度。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。光、氮和水都可以促進(jìn)樹木的生長(zhǎng)。故選A。首句就提到了一項(xiàng)新的研究結(jié)果：城市里的樹木比森林中的樹木長(zhǎng)得更快，但死得更早；文章第三段說到“以前有研究表明森林會(huì)吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的樹木的生長(zhǎng)、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的樹木一樣，這方面的數(shù)據(jù)不多。由此可以推斷，文章接下來很可能就要介紹城市里的樹木死得更早的原因。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I39。more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral pass (指南針) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I39。 Psychologists who study moral judgments have bee very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the trolley problem: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch? Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and peting ways of thinking173。 An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.s strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (雙語的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, bee filled with deep feeling. By parison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over puter screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.（1）What does this question in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.s language improvements?B.Does the language one uses influence one39。How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?（2）When the trolley problem was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to . A.B.remain hesitant about what to doD.considerationguidanceselectionarrangement（4）What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? people are less emotional than others. language learning involves greater emotions. memories limit foreign language learning. settings promote foreign language learning.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明我呢，最近的一些研究的結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)人們面對(duì)道德困境時(shí)，他們用外語思考和用母語思考時(shí)的反應(yīng)確實(shí)不同。根據(jù)第二段中的“The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.”可知，最近的一些研究的結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)人們面對(duì)道德困境時(shí)，他們用外語思考的反應(yīng)和他們的母語思考的反應(yīng)確實(shí)是不同的。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。分別與D選擇項(xiàng)中的sacrifice和 footbridge分別對(duì)應(yīng)。 （3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。one of these, a quick, natural ’feeling‘,這樣的判斷涉及兩種獨(dú)立的、相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的思維方式173。故選A。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的”An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings.“ 母語和外語之間的差異是因?yàn)槲覀兊耐暾Z言比在學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)的語言更充滿感情，和最后一段中的”By parison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over puter screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. “后天習(xí)得的語言，缺乏母語者所具有的情感。故選B。7．閱讀理解 What a Messy Desk Says About You What has been less clear is whether neat environments can produce good habits even in those who aren39。 A second experiment, however, found that working in chaos has its advantages, too. In this one, college