【正文】 e a kind of story, a fairy tale of abundance or a grim chronicle of deprivation. this story imparts information that the fetus uses to organize its body and its systems an adaptation to prevailing circumstances that facilitates its future survival. faced with severely limited resources, a smallersized child with reduced energy requirements will, in fact, have a better chance of living to adulthood.
　　the real trouble es when pregnant women are, in a sense, unreliable narrators, when fetuses are led to expect a world of scarcity and are born instead into a world of plenty. this is what happened to the children of the dutch amp。hunger winter.amp。 and their higher rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease are the result. bodies that were built to hang onto every calorie found themselves swimming in the superfluous calories of the postwar western diet. the world they had learned about while in utero was not the same as the world into which they were born.
　　hereamp。s another story. at 8:46 . on september 11th, XX, there were tens of thousands of people in the vicinity of the world trade center in new york muters spilling off trains, waitresses setting tables for the morning rush, brokers already working the phones on wall street. 1,700 of these people were pregnant women. when the planes struck and the towers collapsed, many of these women experienced the same horrors inflicted on other survivors of the disaster the overwhelming chaos and confusion, the rolling clouds of potentially toxic dust and debris, the heartpounding fear for their lives.
　　about a year after 9/11, researchers examined a group of women who were pregnant when they were exposed to the world trade center attack. in the babies of those women who developed posttraumatic stress syndrome, or ptsd, following their ordeal, researchers discovered a biological marker of susceptibility to ptsd an effect that was most pronounced in infants whose mothers experienced the catastrophe in their third trimester. in other words, the mothers with posttraumatic stress syndrome had passed on a vulnerability to the condition to their children while they were still in utero.
　　now consider this: posttraumatic stress syndrome appears to be a reaction to stress gone very wrong, causing its victims tremendous unnecessary suffering. but thereamp。s another way of thinking about ptsd. what looks like pathology to us may actually be a useful adaptation in some circumstances. in a particularly dangerous environment, the characteristic manifestations of ptsd a hyperawareness of oneamp。s surroundings, a quicktrigger response to danger could save someoneamp。s life. the notion that the prenatal transmission of ptsd risk is adaptive is still speculative, but i find it rather poignant. it would mean that, even before birth, mothers are warning their children that itamp。s a wild world out there, telling them, amp。be careful.amp。
　　let me be clear. fetal origins research is not about blaming women for what happens during pregnancy. itamp。s about discovering how best to promote the health and wellbeing of the next generation. that important effort must include a focus on what fetuses learn during the nine months they spend in the womb. learning is one of lifeamp。s most essential activities, and it begins much earlier than we ever imagined.
　　thank you.
Ted英語演講稿:Underwater Astonishment ted英語演講稿（3） 　　weamp。re going to go on a dive to the deep sea, and anyone thatamp。s had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down, itamp。s a perfectly positively pitchblack world. and we used to see the most mysterious animals out the windowthat you couldnamp。t describe: these blinking lights a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies. dr. edith widder sheamp。s now at the ocean research and conservation association was able to e up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals, and thatamp。s what youamp。re seeing here on the screen.
　　好了，我們即將潛入海底深處。 我們透過窗戶會看見世界上各種最神秘的動物， 各種無法形容的動物。 研究保護協(xié)會的edith witter博士 發(fā)明了一種照相機， 這種照相機可以拍下這些令人難以置信的生物。
　　thatamp。s all bioluminescence. so, like i said: just like fireflies. thereamp。s a flying turkey under a tree. (laughter) iamp。m a geologist by training. but i love that. and you see, some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey, but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing. and a lot of what goes on inside ... thereamp。s a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes. some of the colors are designed to hypnotize, these lovely patterns. and then this last one, one of my favorites, this pinwheel design. just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
　　他們?nèi)慷际巧锇l(fā)光體。 這是個會飛的火雞，在樹下。 你可以看到這些生物發(fā)出的光， 有些是為了避免被吃掉。 盡管如此，用藝術(shù)的角度來看，這些都如此神奇。 這條魚有著會發(fā)光，閃爍的眼睛。 多么有趣的圖案。 每一次潛水都充滿著驚喜。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。到今天為止，我們只探索了其中的極小部分， 大約只占了所有海洋的3%。 然而，恰是我們曾經(jīng)以為根本不可能有生命的地方， 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了眾多的生物，還有它們的密度和多樣性， 都超過了熱帶雨林。 還有剩下的97%，那里要不就是一片荒蕪，要不就是充滿驚喜。39。39。 頭足類動物，有頭有角。 這是一條章魚。 這些頭足類動物真令人著迷， 它用它們的眼睛，它們那難以置信的眼睛來觀察周圍的環(huán)境， 看光，看圖案。 找到一個位置，停下來，卷起，然后馬上消失在背景之中。
　　in the next bit, weamp。re going to see a couple squid. these are squid. now males, when they fight, if theyamp。re really aggressive, they turn white. and these two males are fighting, they do it by bouncing their butts together, which is an interesting concept. now, hereamp。s a male on the left and a female on the right, and the male has managed to split his coloration so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him. and the male ... (laughter) weamp。re going to see it again. letamp。s take a look at it again. watch the coloration: white on the right, brown on the left. he takes a step back so heamp。s keeping off the other males by splitting his body and es up on the other side ... bingo! now iamp。m told thatamp。s not just a squid phenomenon with males, but i donamp。t know. (laughter)
　　接下來，再來一起看一對魷魚。當雄性魷魚搏斗時， 如果它們想要顯示出自己的侵略性，它們就變?yōu)榘咨恕?它們用撞屁股的方式來搏斗， 真是挺有意思的方法。 看，這條雄性能有辦法利用顏色把自己分為兩半， 所以雌性只能看到它溫順，優(yōu)雅的一邊， 雄性 (笑聲)再來看一次。注意它的顏色： 白色在右邊，棕色在左邊