【正文】 ple have purchased the PTKs since they first bee available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the overthecounter kits. More than two dozen panies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500. Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogistsand supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots . Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the pany for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to pare DNA. But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestorsnumbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other greatgrandparents or, four generations back, 14 other greatgreatgrandparents. Critics also argue that mercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is pared. Databases used by some panies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the pany that processes the results. In addition, the puter programs a pany uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation. paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________. [A]easy availability [B]flexibility in pricing [C] successful promotion [D] popularity with households 27. PTK is used to __________. [A]locate one’s birth place [B]promote genetic research [C] identify parentchild kinship [D] choose children for adoption 28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________. [A]trace distant ancestors [B] rebuild reliable bloodlines [C] fully use genetic information [D] achieve the claimed accuracy 29. In the last paragraph ,a problem mercial genetic testing faces is __________. [A]disorganized data collection [B] overlapping database building 30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________. [A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing [B] DNA testing and It’s problems [C]DNA testing outside the lab [D] lies behind DNA testing Text 3 The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies。 it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience。 family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity。 the pressure to acplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a mon life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. 50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. Section Ⅲ Writing Part A 51. Directions: Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to 1) give your opinions briefly and 2) make two or three suggestions You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. Part B 52. Directions: In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your ments. You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 答案 　　Section I Use of English 　　1—5 BADBC 6—10 ADCBD 　　11—15 DBCDA 16—20 CBAAC 　　Section II Reading Comprehension 　　Part A 　　21—25 ABCAA 26—30 ACDAB 　　31—35 DBBAC 36—40 BBDAC 　　Part B 　　41—45 CEABG 　　Part C 　　46. 可以說，任何社會(huì)制度的價(jià)值在于它對擴(kuò)大和改進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面的影響，但是這種影響并不是它原來的動(dòng)機(jī)的一部分。
　　48. 在和他們接觸的時(shí)候，雖然容易忽略我們的行動(dòng)對他們的傾向的影響，但是也不像與成年人打交道那么簡單。
　　50. 因此，我們可以在上面所考慮的廣闊的教育過程之內(nèi)區(qū)別出一種比較正規(guī)的教育，即直接的教導(dǎo)或?qū)W校教育。 secondly, new technologies should be used to produce degradable and renewable materials。資料共分享，我們負(fù)責(zé)傳遞知