【正文】 戰(zhàn)性的部分，也最能體現(xiàn)參賽者的真實(shí)英語(yǔ)水平。1．方法 1．1結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于議論文形式的即興演講話題來(lái)說(shuō)，不能夠隨性而為，一般要求演講者思路清晰，在即興演講前必須構(gòu)建好演講的整個(gè)框架結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)以第十一屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽冠軍曹豐的即興演講話題為例，他的題目是：now in the age of the internet，reading books does not seem as important as it once was．do you think people call learn as much on the internet as they can by reading books? which method do you prefer? 他是這樣開(kāi)頭的：“actually, i don’t agree with the first sentence of this topic：‘in the age of the internet，reading books is not as important as it was once was”’．接下來(lái)分析原因，最后做出總結(jié)：“so in this age of internet，in this age of modernization，in this age of civilization，why do you have to force someone to choose between internet and books? i prefer using both of them．” 1．2開(kāi)頭瑞士作家溫克勒說(shuō)：“開(kāi)場(chǎng)白有二項(xiàng)任務(wù)：一是建立說(shuō)者與聽(tīng)者的同感；二是如字義所釋，打開(kāi)場(chǎng)面，引入正題。開(kāi)頭一般有以下幾種方法。1．2．2設(shè)問(wèn)式 1．2．3引用式在演講的開(kāi)始引用名人名言、詩(shī)句等，以提出問(wèn)題或論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。1．2．4講述故事法 1．3結(jié)尾 俗話說(shuō)“編筐編簍，重在收口；描龍畫風(fēng)，難在點(diǎn)睛”。好的結(jié)尾除了能揭示題旨、加深認(rèn)識(shí)，給聽(tīng)眾留下完整深刻的印象外還能使整個(gè)演講通篇渾然一體；另外好的結(jié)尾能夠鼓動(dòng)激情、促人深思、令人覺(jué)醒，能讓聽(tīng)眾在反復(fù)回味中受到教育和啟發(fā)。1．3．1總結(jié)總結(jié)法就是以簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言扼要地概括前面所講述的內(nèi)容，以便給聽(tīng)眾留下一個(gè)完整、清晰而深刻的印象。大多數(shù)選手在即興演講時(shí)都是以這種方式結(jié)尾的。第十二屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽第九名鄧凱琪在演講“the main benefits and problems of globalization”時(shí)這樣結(jié)尾“l(fā)adies and gentlemen，don’t let globalization affect how you see our culture．but then use this opportunity，use this chance to treasure our culture even more，because it is facing the challenges of globalization．”這種結(jié)尾的方式是演講者用深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)和獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解向聽(tīng)眾提希望、發(fā)號(hào)召，能使聽(tīng)眾，精神為之一振，具有動(dòng)人情、促人行的作用。第十三屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽第六名孫怡在演講“share with us your understanding of‘either you’re somebody or you ain’t nobody”’時(shí)這樣結(jié)尾“1 want to end my speech with one of michael jordan’s famous ’s not how hard you push yourself for your way；its something in you．you think you have to finish it．”用名言式結(jié)尾，能給演講者的思想提供有力的證明增加演講的可信度，顯得更加優(yōu)美、含蓄，睿智大氣，具有較強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力和鼓舞作用。第九屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽冠軍洪嘩在演講“should there be limits on how we display our love in public? what do you think is the best way to express your feelings in public?”時(shí)這樣結(jié)尾：“and the best scene in my mind to show our love in public，is that we lay on the grass land in my campus，and i read a part of jane eyre to him，and he read a part of oliver twist to me．don’t you think it is a romantic scene for the young lovers to show their love to each other?” 1_3．5臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)變第七屆全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽“最具潛力選手獎(jiǎng)”獲得者張勇被問(wèn)及“should college students be allowed to get married?”時(shí)，這樣答道：“thank you for your question and i think it’s really a good question to show how fast the society is developing．i still remember that last year the contestant number twentyfour，also today’s host，were asked about a question that what qualities you look for in a boyfriend．a(chǎn)nd only a year later here i’ll be asked：should college students be allowed to get married? i think the society is really developing.”他的隨機(jī)應(yīng)變帶來(lái)的幽默博得了陣陣掌聲與笑聲。正巧這時(shí)話筒架出問(wèn)題了，男主持人只得為那名選手舉著話筒讓他發(fā)言。他的機(jī)敏回答也得到了評(píng)委和觀眾的認(rèn)可。”這充分說(shuō)明了先有輸入，才可能輸出。2．1詞匯和句子量的積累演講者必須積累一定的詞匯量，這樣就不會(huì)在拿到即興演講題目之后因?yàn)椴徽J(rèn)識(shí)其中某個(gè)單詞而導(dǎo)致全軍覆沒(méi)，或者在反復(fù)表達(dá)同一個(gè)內(nèi)容上由于詞匯貧乏而使用同一個(gè)單詞，使人產(chǎn)生厭倦的感覺(jué)。又如在表達(dá)“喜歡”的時(shí)候，可以用be keen on，be into，be mad about，be passionate about，be fond of, be partial to等來(lái)替換like和love．其次，還要積累各個(gè)方面的相關(guān)詞匯。談到如何解決交通問(wèn)題時(shí)，高架橋、地鐵、輕軌、行人、交通規(guī)則、遵守、高峰時(shí)間等這些詞匯也是必不可少的(viaduct，metro，light rail，pedestrian，traffic regulation，abide by，rush hour)。在“表達(dá)越來(lái)越多的人意識(shí)到..時(shí)”，可以采用“there is a growing awareness that.”這比起我們常用的“more and more people realize that.”要好的多。學(xué)生