【正文】 kespeare in the history of English the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a wellacplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and , whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whattever evil means, finally turned him into a was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and case is Macbeth whose ambition was to bee the king of , his ambition was materialized by the murder of King , unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and poet says: life can be bad。life can be dirty。life can even be my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a wellorientated 【】 這篇關(guān)于英語專業(yè)八級考試翻譯技巧講解，是無憂考網(wǎng)特地為大家整理的，希望對大家有所幫助！英漢兩種語言在句法、詞匯、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異，因此在進(jìn)行英漢互譯時(shí)必然會(huì)遇到很多困難，需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導(dǎo)。這些技巧不但可以運(yùn)用于筆譯之中，也可以運(yùn)用于口譯過程中，而且應(yīng)該用得更加熟練，因?yàn)榭谧g工作的特點(diǎn)決定了譯員沒有更多的時(shí)間進(jìn)行思考。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。英漢兩種語言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。因此，在漢譯英時(shí)需要增補(bǔ)物主代詞，而在英譯漢時(shí)又需要根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)?shù)貏h減。因此，在漢譯英時(shí)常常需要增補(bǔ)連詞。另外，在漢譯英時(shí)還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文中暗含而沒有明言的詞語和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語，以確保譯文意思的完整。如：（1）What about calling him right away？馬上給他打個(gè)電話，你覺得如何？（增譯主語和謂語）（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations．要是我能看到四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化實(shí)現(xiàn)該有多好啊?。ㄔ鲎g主句）（3）Indeed，the reverse is true實(shí)際情況恰好相反。（增譯物主代詞）（5）While the magistrates were free to burn down house，the mon people were forbidden to light lamps．只許州官放火，不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。This is yet another mon point between the people of our two countries．（增譯介詞）（7）在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域，中國反對以大欺小、以強(qiáng)凌弱。Three cobblers with their wits bined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind．（增譯注釋性詞語）2．省譯法：這是與增譯法相對應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語思維習(xí)慣、語言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。又如：（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing．你在北京訪問期間就住在這家飯店里。（省譯物主代詞）（3）中國政府歷來重視環(huán)境保護(hù)工作。具體的說，就是在詞性方面，把名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞；把動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞；把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞和短語。在句型方面，把并列句變成復(fù)合句，把復(fù)合句變成并列句，把狀語從句變成定語從句。如：（1）我們學(xué)院受教委和市政府的雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。（名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞）（3）由于我們實(shí)行了改革開放政策，我國的綜合國力有了明顯的增強(qiáng)。（介詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞）（5）The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people．改革開放政策受到了全中國人民的擁護(hù)。（形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞）（7）In some of the European countries，the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance．在有些歐洲國家里，人民享受最廣泛的社會(huì)福利，如醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)等。All the students should develop morally，intellectually and physically．（名詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞）4． 拆句法和合并法：這是兩種相對應(yīng)的翻譯方法。漢語強(qiáng)調(diào)意合，結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，因此簡單句較多；英語強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長句較多。這樣就可以基本保留英語語序，順譯全句，順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代漢語長短句相替、單復(fù)句相間的句法修辭原則。（在主謂連接處拆譯）（2）I wish to thank you for the inparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world．我要感謝你們無與倫比的盛情款待。（在定語從句前拆譯）（3）This is paarticularly true of the countries of the monwealth，who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the munity will take their interests into account英聯(lián)邦各國尤其如此，它們認(rèn)為英國加入歐共體，將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。China is a large country with four－fifths of the population engaged in agriculture，but only one tenth of the land is farmland，the rest being mountains，forests and places for urban and other uses．（合譯）5．正譯法和反譯法：這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英，偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語相反的語序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語。因此比較地道。In the United States，everyone can buy a gun．（正譯）In the United States，guns are available to everyone．（反譯）（2）你可以從因特網(wǎng)上獲得這一信息。Suddenly he had a new idea．（正譯）He suddenly thought out a new idea．（正譯）A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him．（反譯）（4）他仍然沒有弄懂我的意思。She can hardly be rated as a bright student．（正譯）She is anything but a bright student．（反譯）（6）Please withhold the document for the time being．請暫時(shí)扣下這份文件。（反譯）6．倒置法：在漢語中，定語修飾語和狀語修飾語往往位于被修飾語之前；在英語中，許多修飾語常常位于被修飾語之后，因此翻譯時(shí)往往要把原文的語序顛倒過來。有時(shí)倒置法也用于漢譯英。（部分倒置）（2）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community．我堅(jiān)信，英國依然應(yīng)該是歐共體中的一個(gè)積極的和充滿活力的成員，這是符合我國人民利益的。Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy．寫作要點(diǎn) 在寫作考試中要寫出符合題目要求，高質(zhì)量的作文，第一步是審題。數(shù)年來八級寫作項(xiàng)目已形成自身的特色。因此，審題就意味著不是僅僅瀏覽一個(gè)標(biāo)題，而是要兼顧其它部分。以1997年的八級考試寫作項(xiàng)目為例。如果我們孤立地看題目的話，就很難領(lǐng)會(huì)該篇作文的具體要求和目的。同時(shí)，對具體語篇模式的要求（即ANALOGY）也顯示在這部分中間?？偠灾?，提高審題的準(zhǔn)確性有利于學(xué)生理解題目含義，了解寫作要求，進(jìn)而有針對性地構(gòu)思作文內(nèi)容、布局等。歸納起來有以下幾點(diǎn)：1）不熟悉八級寫作的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)，以為只看標(biāo)題即可著手寫作。2）對情景觀點(diǎn)部分的理解一知半解，未經(jīng)仔細(xì)斟酌就提筆寫作文。3）忽略寫作項(xiàng)目中對作文修辭框架的提示。一篇優(yōu)秀的作文應(yīng)該具有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。按照寫作要求，一篇合格的作文由三個(gè)部分組成。論點(diǎn)應(yīng)明確、清楚。這部分的要求是通過恰當(dāng)、合適的語篇模式（如：CAUSE ANDEFFECT，COMPARISON ANDCONTRAST，等等）來論證前面提出的論點(diǎn)。要做到結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，就需要學(xué)生在寫作中抓住中心，并圍繞中心展開討論。為了使論證過程具有說服力，作文應(yīng)采用一種層次結(jié)構(gòu)。書卷語體通常屬于這類結(jié)構(gòu)，即一個(gè)語篇往往由不同層次的語段構(gòu)成。第三部分為作文的結(jié)尾。一般來說，結(jié)尾部分的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為前面部分的總結(jié)。結(jié)尾部分忌諱的是牛頭不對馬嘴，前后沒有連貫性，因而破壞作文的完整性。八級作文要求語言得體、通順，無重大語法錯(cuò)誤。但是，歷年來的寫作項(xiàng)目反映出學(xué)生在作文的統(tǒng)一性、連貫性和語言的規(guī)范性方面還普遍存在一些問題。這主要表現(xiàn)為沒有按照要求在第一部分中闡明觀點(diǎn)，而是東拉西扯，寫了與題目有關(guān)或無關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)或現(xiàn)象。最后由于篇幅有限，就在結(jié)束時(shí)提一句寢室制度就草草收尾。這種現(xiàn)象在考生的作文中中帶有一定的普遍性。3）作文首尾不一致。4）作文缺乏連貫性（COHERENCE）。以上部分簡單地討論了八級寫作項(xiàng)目的要求、預(yù)期達(dá)到的