【正文】 選擇原材料和處理原材料的方法。接著還要客觀的分析機(jī)器性能的優(yōu)越性，以及它的安全、重量、耐用性，并且競爭力的成本也要考慮在分析結(jié)果之內(nèi)。很有可能在這個(gè)計(jì)劃最后決定中,使用了某些不在計(jì)劃之內(nèi)的一些設(shè)想。只有這樣，才不致于阻斷創(chuàng)新的思路。在設(shè)計(jì)的初始階段，應(yīng)該允許設(shè)計(jì)人員充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性，不要受到任何約束。關(guān)鍵詞： 設(shè)計(jì)流程 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)則 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)流程設(shè)計(jì)開始之前就要想到機(jī)器的實(shí)際性，現(xiàn)存的機(jī)器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度，或者成本上得到改善。在分析運(yùn)動(dòng)及設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要把產(chǎn)品外型以及以后的保養(yǎng)也要考慮在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中。許多原則和設(shè)計(jì)方法不但適用于機(jī)器的設(shè)計(jì)，也適用于非機(jī)器的設(shè)計(jì)。第一篇：中英文翻譯機(jī)械類機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)摘要： 機(jī)器是由機(jī)械裝置和其它組件組成的。它是一種用來轉(zhuǎn)換或傳遞能量的裝置，例如：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、渦輪機(jī)、車輛、起重機(jī)、印刷機(jī)、洗衣機(jī)、照相機(jī)和攝影機(jī)等。術(shù)語中的“機(jī)械裝置設(shè)計(jì)” 的含義要比“機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)”的含義更為廣泛一些，機(jī)械裝置設(shè)計(jì)包括機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)。在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域中，以及其它工程領(lǐng)域中，所有這些都需要機(jī)械設(shè)備，比如：開關(guān)、凸輪、閥門、船舶以及攪拌機(jī)等。新的機(jī)器必需具有以前機(jī)器所能執(zhí)行的功能。即使產(chǎn)生了許多不切實(shí)際的想法，也會(huì)在設(shè)計(jì)的早期，即在繪制圖紙之前被改正掉。通常,還要提出幾套設(shè)計(jì)方案，然后加以比較。一般的當(dāng)外型特點(diǎn)和組件部分的尺寸特點(diǎn)分析得透徹時(shí)，就可以全面的設(shè)計(jì)和分析。每一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的部分要優(yōu)化它的比例和尺寸，同時(shí)也要保持與其它組成部分相協(xié)調(diào)。通過力學(xué)原理來分析和實(shí)現(xiàn)這些重要的特性，如那些靜態(tài)反應(yīng)的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用，像動(dòng)力慣性、加速動(dòng)力和能量；包括彈性材料的強(qiáng)度、應(yīng)力和剛度等材料的物理特性，以及流體潤滑和驅(qū)動(dòng)器的流體力學(xué)。最后，以圖樣為設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并建立將來的模型。產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)需要不斷探索和發(fā)展。雖然每個(gè)工程學(xué)問題的內(nèi)容是獨(dú)特的，但是設(shè)計(jì)師可以按照類似的步驟來解決問題。在材料過程中，五個(gè)最常見的問題為：（a）不了解或者不會(huì)使用關(guān)于材料應(yīng)用方面的最新最好的信息資料；(b)未能預(yù)見和考慮材料的合理用途（如有可能，設(shè)計(jì)人員還應(yīng)進(jìn)一步預(yù)測(cè)和考慮由于產(chǎn)品使用方法不當(dāng)造成的后果。通過對(duì)上述五個(gè)問題的分析，可以得出這些問題是沒有充分理由而存在的結(jié)論。盡管采用最好的材料選擇方法也不能避免發(fā)生產(chǎn)品責(zé)任訴訟，設(shè)計(jì)人員和工業(yè)界按照適當(dāng)?shù)某绦蜻M(jìn)行材料選擇，可以大大減少訴訟的數(shù)量。在隨后生產(chǎn)和售后服務(wù)的幾年中，要接受新觀念的變化，或者由試驗(yàn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)一步分析并改進(jìn)。也許會(huì)創(chuàng)造出更實(shí)用、更經(jīng)濟(jì)、更耐用的產(chǎn)品。前六個(gè)規(guī)則對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)者來說特別適用。機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)包括一下內(nèi)容：、設(shè)計(jì)所需要公式以及安全系數(shù)進(jìn)行介紹。、表面接觸應(yīng)力和表面疲勞現(xiàn)象。、螺桿等緊固件的設(shè)計(jì)，包括傳動(dòng)螺桿和預(yù)緊固件。機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造性的工作。任何產(chǎn)品在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)第一步就是選擇產(chǎn)品每個(gè)部分的構(gòu)成材料。對(duì)產(chǎn)品的功能，它的外觀、材料的成本、制造的成本作出必要的選擇是十分重要的。仔細(xì)精確的計(jì)算是必要的，以確保設(shè)計(jì)的有效性。計(jì)算（圖紙尺寸）檢查是非常重要的。設(shè)計(jì)工作的各個(gè)方面都應(yīng)該檢查和復(fù)查?；?dòng)系統(tǒng)基于計(jì)算機(jī)的能力，已經(jīng)使計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)（CAD）和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造（CAM）成為了可能。設(shè)計(jì)人員的基本職責(zé)是努力使機(jī)器來適應(yīng)人們。另一個(gè)重要問題，設(shè)計(jì)工程師必須能夠同其他有關(guān)人員進(jìn)行交流和磋商。這一般是通過口頭討論，草圖和文字材料進(jìn)行的。發(fā)明、發(fā)現(xiàn)和科技知識(shí)本身并不一定能給人類帶來好處，只有當(dāng)它們被應(yīng)用在產(chǎn)品上才能產(chǎn)生效益。應(yīng)當(dāng)把機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)看成是機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)人員運(yùn)用創(chuàng)造性的才能進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)分析和制定產(chǎn)品的制造工藝學(xué)的一個(gè)良機(jī)。僅僅使用數(shù)據(jù)和公式是不足以在一個(gè)好的設(shè)計(jì)中做出所需的全部決定的。例如，即使將一個(gè)小數(shù)點(diǎn)的位置放錯(cuò)，也會(huì)使正確的設(shè)計(jì)變成錯(cuò)誤的。因此，設(shè)計(jì)人員必須要有耐心，因?yàn)?所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和努力并不能保證帶來成功。由于許多人墨守成規(guī)，這樣做并不是一件容易的事。新設(shè)計(jì)本身會(huì)有許多缺陷和未能預(yù)料的問題發(fā)生，只有當(dāng)這些缺陷和問題被解決之后，才能體現(xiàn)出新產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)越性。應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，如果設(shè)計(jì)本身不要求采用全新的方法，就沒有必要僅僅為了變革的目的而采用新方法。of dynamics for inertia, acceleration, and energy。of physical behavior of materials。t understand or not use about the latest application materials to the best information,(b)failed to foresee and consider the reasonable use material may(such as possible, designers should further forecast and consider due to improper use recent years, many products liability in litigation, the use of products and hurt the plaintiff accused manufacturer, and won the decision),(c)of the materials used all or some of the data, data, especially when the uncertainty longterm performance data is so,(d)quality control method is not suitable and unproven,(e)by some pletely inpetent persons choose to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have prehensive and the basic , a design based upon function, and a prototype may be its tests are satisfactory, the initial design will undergo certain modifications that enable it to be manufactured in quantity at a lower subsequent years of manufacture and service, the design is likely to undergo changes as new ideas are conceived or as further analyses based upon tests and experience indicate Rules for Design In this section it is suggested that, applied with a creative attitude, analyses can lead to important improvements and to the conception and perfection of alternate, perhaps more functional, economical, and durable stimulate creative thought, the following rules are suggested for the designer and first six rules are particularly applicable for the creative use of need of physical properties and control functional loads and their unintentional more favorable loading for favorable stress distribution and stiffness with minimum basic equations to proportion and optimize materials for a bination of carefully, stock and integral a functional design to fit the manufacturing process and reduce for accurate location and noninterference of parts in design covers the following an introduction to the design process , problem formulation ,safety the material properties and static and dynamic loading analysis , Including beam , vibration and impact the fundamentals of stress and defection fatiguefailure theory with the emphasis on stresslife approaches to highcycle fatigue design, which is monly used in the design of rotation thoroughly the phenomena of wear mechanisms, surface contact stresses ,and surface shaft design using the fatigueanalysis fluidfilm and rollingelement bearing theory and application a thorough introduction to the kinematics, design and stress analysis of spur gears , and a simple introduction to helical ,bevel ,and worm spring design including pression ,extension and torsion with screws and fasteners including power screw and preload the design and specification of disk and drum clutches and Design The plete design of a machine is a plex machine design is a creative engineer not only must hav