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iumphant release in 1990 from more than a quartercentury of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most pelling and inspiring political drama in the president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa‘s antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial 、斗爭/大眾觀點(diǎn)類(非暴力)/(貝多芬)Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by , this obstacle could not keep him from being one of the most famous and prolific posers in art music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, formes a transition from classical to romantic / 英雄 / 困難類 Bush(喬治 布什)On January 16, 1991, President Bush ordered the mencement of Operation Desert Storm, a massive military offensive against Iraq in the Persian late 1992, Bush ordered into Somalia, a nation devastated by drought and civil peacekeeping mission would prove the most disastrous since Lebanon, and President Clinton abruptly called it off in / 英雄 / 困難類 Carter(吉米卡特)President Carter39。s relationships with other nations contributed to a cooling of Cold War relations in the late 1980, for the first time in seven years, Fidel Castro authorized emigration out of Cuba by the country39。s knowledge of the workings of global capitalism, so his criticism is particularly year, the Soros foundation39。s largest private :(媒體 / 團(tuán)體 / 主流) Revere(保羅)Our perceptive towards Paul Revere just illustrates this to the romantic legend, he, galloping along of the dark from one farm house to another, alerted the people to the ing of course the story emphasized the courage of one man, made him a hero in our history , his heroism required a matrix of otherswho were already wellprepared to mobilize against the oppressor and he was just one part of a prearrange like Revere have no usefulness apart from a society primed to 、斗爭/勇敢/合作類Cooperation Ford(亨利 福特)Henry ford,one of the most influential inventors in the history, was always inattentive in ,he and a friend took a watch apart to probe the principle behind and upset, the teacher punished him both to stay after punishment was to stay until they had fixed the the teacher did not know young ford’s genius,in ten minutes,this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way is imagination that invigorated Ford to make a through inquiry about things he did not once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the he waited to see what would water boiled and, of course, turned to the steam had no way to escape, the teapot explosion cracked a mirror and broke a ’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off,when he built his imagination of horseless carriage into reality, the history of transportation was changed forever用于creativity/curiosity/科技類 Graham Bell(亞歷山大 格雷厄姆貝爾)Not realizing the full impact it would have on society, Alexander Graham Bell introduced the first telephone to an amazed audience at America39。 1997, 643,000,000,000 calls were made by people in the United States 、科技/影響力類考研政治大題答題技巧普遍適用規(guī)則:在掌握知識量基本相同的情況下,答題技巧的不同可能使總分相差10到20分。下面向大家介紹大題答題四步曲:第一步:仔細(xì)審題。大多數(shù)題目是跨章節(jié),甚至跨學(xué)科的,要注意思維的發(fā)散性。如果自己寫出的相關(guān)概念太多,則視試卷留出的空白撿重要的寫,解釋概念和原理一般不要超過本題答題空間的二分之一。但要注意答題時每個概念和原理要作為一段,字跡要工整清晰。第三步:聯(lián)系實(shí)際。這部分一定要有,而且要作為一個段落,如果字跡工整的話,即使這一段答得驢頭不對馬嘴,至少也有兩分。這一部分是絕對送分的,但也要有技巧。如果答大題時你能熟練地按上面的四步做,大題方面你至少可以比相同水平的其他人多得n分,不信? 試用歷史唯物主義的有關(guān)原理說明“以德治國”與“以法治國”的關(guān)系及其重要意義(2002年政治重中之重)。表面上看題目中有兩個基本概念以法治國和以德治國,聯(lián)系到馬哲,以德治國便是是道德問題,是上層建筑;以法治國便是法制問題。然后聯(lián)系實(shí)際,這一步?jīng)]關(guān)系,只要稍微寫兩句而且字跡工整便不失大格。下面我們看一下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:1)歷史唯物主義認(rèn)為道德與法制既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別,二者的區(qū)別表現(xiàn)在:道德的概念;法制的概念;道德與法制的關(guān)系。社會主義的法律和道德是社會主義上層建筑的重要組成部分,它對經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)展有重大意義。以法治國的概念;以德治國的概念;以法治國和以德治國的關(guān)系。怎么樣,是不是感到大題的簡單了?上面是我總結(jié)的幾條關(guān)于政治考研的技巧,如果你能真正掌握它,不好意思,你的政治考研分?jǐn)?shù)再也沒有希望低于70分了。建議考生找出本題目是關(guān)于哪個科學(xué)的哪個章節(jié),在草稿紙上寫下此章節(jié)內(nèi)所有可能與本題有聯(lián)系的基本概念及原理。第二步:解釋每一個概念并寫出原理的基本內(nèi)容。什么?太多了?不要怕,答多了不扣分。好了,本題目分?jǐn)?shù)的一半你已經(jīng)拿到了,下面進(jìn)行第三步。如果本題是論述題,建議考生根據(jù)本題聯(lián)系實(shí)際中的一些現(xiàn)象,給出評價,如果本題是材料題,則材料就是實(shí)際,指出材料中的一些問題,也就是將材料用你學(xué)過的關(guān)于政治的術(shù)語再復(fù)述一遍。第四步;總結(jié)。將其作為一個段落,如果此題是論述題,則將整個題目再復(fù)述一遍,不要忘了在前面加上一個所以;如果此題是材料題,則提倡材料中好的做法,批評材料中壞的做法。但要求考生特別注意的是辨析題的判斷,千萬不要盲目的說其對錯,例如一些題目的前半部分是對的而后半部分產(chǎn)錯的,有的題目說的不會面,這些都要指出。要求規(guī)范的答題步驟:先答基本原理,引出配套的方法,進(jìn)而用方法來分析材料。二、解題的基本思路:從方法入手:先判斷材料所持方法(手段)——根據(jù)知識體系中原理和方法(手段)的固定搭配得出基本原理。審題時應(yīng)注意題目的限制性要求,并由此得出知識體系的大范圍。錯誤的情況有很多種,最主要有以下幾種:(1)與正確方法(手段)相對立;(2)主次顛倒;(3)主次不分;(4)割裂本來存在的聯(lián)系。找出所包含條件(重點(diǎn)語句),回答時決不能漏掉材料中所包含條件。四、檢查階段:應(yīng)注意材料中所包含的條件是否全部用完,如果沒有用完,說明前面所述知識點(diǎn)還有缺漏,應(yīng)補(bǔ)齊。檢查步驟是否完整、規(guī)范。五、復(fù)習(xí)的基本要求:應(yīng)分層對知識進(jìn)行整理,分為“是什么”、“為什么”、“怎么辦”三部分,其中,“是什么”和“為什么”屬于基本原理:“怎么辦”屬于方法(手段)。“為什么”主要指關(guān)系、地位和作用、意義等,它是方法(手段)的理論出發(fā)點(diǎn)?!霸趺崔k”不能停留在課本的水平上,還應(yīng)與重大時事、黨的路線、方針、政策相聯(lián)系,把黨的路線、方針、政策細(xì)化、歸并入課本的基本點(diǎn)。(一)分析題解答分析題的基本思路和步驟是:1.仔細(xì)審題并抓關(guān)鍵詞。答題之前要仔細(xì)閱讀題干、材料及問題,答題之前要仔細(xì)閱讀題干、材料及問題,了解題目需要回答什么,為什么要這樣回答,怎么回答。這是做好分析體的第一步,也是最關(guān)鍵的一步。對跨章節(jié),甚至跨學(xué)科的題目,要注意思維的發(fā)散性。這樣做可以不必要地重復(fù)審題,節(jié)省寶貴的考試時間。(3)分析層次法:對一大段材料的要分層并弄清每層意思,這種層次性既體現(xiàn)在題干的表述或材料中,也會明確出現(xiàn)在題后的設(shè)問中。2.閱讀材料并組織答案。閱讀時可邊閱讀邊劃出材料中帶有結(jié)論性或傾向性的話語,或者在草稿紙上寫下相關(guān)信息(注意不要沉溺于細(xì)節(jié)、事例或者數(shù)字),同時搜索、提取大腦中平時儲存的相關(guān)知識,然后理清思路,組織答案。隨后,必須回答現(xiàn)象之后隱含的實(shí)質(zhì)(本質(zhì)),這才是重點(diǎn)。一般的思路是先表述相關(guān)原理,然后再聯(lián)系材料中的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析、評述,可按是什么、為什么、怎么樣的思路組織答案。(二)材料分析題材料分析在2006年統(tǒng)一歸進(jìn)了分析題中,其形式獨(dú)特,分值比例大,難度也不小,是考生考研中的一大難點(diǎn),這里就單獨(dú)列出再講述一下其答題技巧。二是結(jié)合理論分析問題時,要盡可能全面。解答材料題時,尤其要注意層次和邏輯,不要自相矛盾,在答案中最好把觀點(diǎn)一一羅列出來,便于閱卷教師找到要點(diǎn)。這是解題的主導(dǎo)部分,是命題的出發(fā)點(diǎn)、立足點(diǎn)和依據(jù)。這一部分答好了,就能為下一步解題做好鋪墊,使后面的分析論述有理有據(jù)。一般的材料題開題就有一句:“下面是一組關(guān)于......的材料”,這就給考生在閱讀時獲取什么樣的信息界定了范圍,使閱讀不再盲目,以獲取相關(guān)信息為重;然后,再迅速瀏覽題后問題,問題的要求又進(jìn)一步縮小了信息取舍的范圍,什么是“的”,在這里就確定了。其次,仔細(xì)而快速地閱讀材料。材料分析題的材料靈活多變,無一固定模式。材料可能是一則,也可能有多則;既有單一類型的,也有文字型、圖表型混合的;材料長短也各異,有的十分簡短,有的篇幅冗長。一般的材料提供信息很多,有主有