【正文】
/d {UAB:AB兩點間的電壓(V),d:AB兩點在場強方向的距離(m)}:F=qE {F:電場力(N),q:受到電場力的電荷的電量(C),E:電場強度(N/C)}:UAB=φAφB,UAB=WAB/q=ΔEAB/q:WAB=qUAB=Eqd{WAB:帶電體由A到B時電場力所做的功(J),q:帶電量(C),UAB:電場中A、B兩點間的電勢差(V)(電場力做功與路徑無關(guān)),E:勻強電場強度,d:兩點沿場強方向的距離(m)}:EA=qφA {EA:帶電體在A點的電勢能(J),q:電量(C),φA:A點的電勢(V)}=EBEA {帶電體在電場中從A位置到B位置時電勢能的差值}=WAB=qUAB(電勢能的增量等于電場力做功的負(fù)值)=Q/U(定義式,計算式){C:電容(F),Q:電量(C),U:電壓(兩極板電勢差)(V)}=εS/4πkd(S:兩極板正對面積,d:兩極板間的垂直距離,ω:介電常數(shù))常見電容器〔見第二冊P111〕(Vo=0):W=ΔEK或qU=mVt2/2,Vt=(2qU/m)1/2(不考慮重力作用的情況下)類平垂直電場方向:勻速直線運動L=Vot(在帶等量異種電荷的平行極板中:E=U/d)拋運動平行電場方向:初速度為零的勻加速直線運動d=at2/2,a=F/m=qE/m 注:(1)兩個完全相同的帶電金屬小球接觸時,電量分配規(guī)律:原帶異種電荷的先中和后平分,原帶同種電荷的總量平分。(3)常見電場的電場線分布要求熟記〔見圖[第二冊P98]。(5)處于靜電平衡導(dǎo)體是個等勢體,表面是個等勢面,導(dǎo)體外表面附近的電場線垂直于導(dǎo)體表面,導(dǎo)體內(nèi)部合場強為零,導(dǎo)體內(nèi)部沒有凈電荷,凈電荷只分布于導(dǎo)體外表面。(7)電子伏(eV)是能量的單位,1eV=1019J?!究偨Y(jié)】:希望大家在高三階段不要慌張,多總結(jié),多練習(xí)。第二篇:高考必背一、5年高考完形填空高頻選項詞匯Group 11.a(chǎn)ccurate ,正確的;精確的 2.a(chǎn)dmire v.欽佩;贊美;崇拜 3.a(chǎn)dmit v.承認(rèn);準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入;可容納 4.a(chǎn)nnoy v.使惱怒,使不高興 5.a(chǎn)dventure n.冒險,奇遇 6.a(chǎn)nxiety n.擔(dān)憂,焦慮;渴望 7.a(chǎn)nxious ,焦急的;渴望的 8.a(chǎn)part ,相距;分離;除外9.a(chǎn)ppearance n.出現(xiàn),露面;容貌,外表,外觀10.a(chǎn)ppoint v.任命,委任;安排;確定(時間、地點);指定;約定 11.a(chǎn)ppreciate v.欣賞;感激;理解12.a(chǎn)ppreciation n.欣賞;鑒定,評估;感激;理解 13.a(chǎn)pproach n.途徑,方式,方法 v.靠近,接近;建議;要求14.a(chǎn)rrival n.到來,到達(dá);到達(dá)者,到達(dá)物 15.a(chǎn)shamed ;害臊的;羞恥的 16.a(chǎn)ssist v.幫助,協(xié)助,援助 17.a(chǎn)stonishing ;令人驚訝的18.a(chǎn)ttach v.把……固定;重視;系,貼,連接;使附屬;使依戀 19.a(chǎn)ttackvt.amp。v.責(zé)備;責(zé)怪,埋怨 29.boring ,令人厭煩的 30.brave 31.broad ,寬闊的32.burden n.(義務(wù)、責(zé)任等的)重?fù)?dān),負(fù)擔(dān) v.煩擾;使負(fù)重,裝載 高考鏈接1.(2016全國卷Ⅲ)I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance .(2015湖南高考)Whatever failures I suffer in my life,an ironed shirt tells me I am good at ,through ironing I’ve learned the method for solving even the most troublesome 21.calm ,沉著的,平靜的 v.鎮(zhèn)靜,使平靜下來 2.care n.照料,保護(hù),憂慮 v.介意……,在乎;關(guān)心 3.carefully ,仔細(xì)地 4.carry v.運送;傳送;傳遞 5.carve ;雕刻 6.change n.變化;零錢 v.改變,更換;兌換7.cheat n.a(chǎn)mp。全國卷Ⅱ)She gave me a forting smile,nodded while listening patiently,and then printed out the ticket .(2015陜西高考)I passed the clean b back to smiled at me and carefully placed his b on his .(2015n.拖延,延遲,延期;延誤,耽擱 17.deliberately ,蓄意地,存心地 18.describe ,敘述,描述 19.design ,策劃n.設(shè)計,布局;圖案,圖樣,樣式 20.destroy ,毀壞21.determine ;影響;確定22.determined ,意志堅定的;果斷的 23.different ,有差異的 24.dig v.挖(洞、溝),掘 25.digest v.消化,領(lǐng)會26.direction n.方向;方位;指示 27.dirty ;卑劣的 28.disappointment n.失望;沮喪 29.discover 30.disturb ;打擾;使焦慮31.draw v.繪畫;繪制;拉,拖;提取,領(lǐng)取(金錢);吸引;引起 32.dream n.a(chǎn)mp。江蘇高考)And at that moment,I made the decision:I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my .(2016全國卷Ⅲ)His words freed me from my bad .(2014四川高考)She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was .(2014n.忌妒;羨慕 21.equal ,使等于n.相等的事物;相同的人 22.equipment n.裝備,設(shè)備 23.escape n.a(chǎn)mp。全國卷Ⅰ)One thing is for certain—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle!His efforts most likely saved the woman’s .(2016北京高考)On the 20th of that month, examined a sick boy,Billy,and knew he had diphtheria,a deadly infectious(傳染的)disease mainly affecting .(2015天津高考)Every evening I’d eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my 51.experiment n.實驗 2.explain ,說明 3.explode v.爆炸4.extra ,外加的,附加的 ;額外;外加 5.extremely ,非常 6.fade ,(顏色)消退7.failure n.失敗;失敗的人(或事物)8.fair ,合理的;(膚色)白晳的;(人)白膚金發(fā)的 n.集市;廟會;展覽會 9.faith n.信仰;信念;信心 10.fall (下),降落;倒下 n.秋季;下跌 11.familiar 12.feel v.a(chǎn)mp。天津高考)After years of regular treatment,she finally became .(2016天津高考)She had a firm intention within herself to be the best she could .(2015新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Joe fell into a huge crevasse(裂縫)in the ice .(2014v.作用,功能;運轉(zhuǎn),運行 5.future n.將來;未來;前途 ;未來的6.gain ;掙得;獲得;增加 n.增加;利潤;收獲 7.game n.游戲;運動;比賽 8.gather v.聚集9.generally ,總的說來10.generous ,寬厚的,寬宏大量的 11.gift n.贈品;禮物;天賦 12.goal n.(足球)球門;目標(biāo) 13.graduation n.畢業(yè),畢業(yè)典禮 14.gratefully ,感謝地 15.greedy 16.greet ;向……致敬 17.grow v.成長,長大 18.guess ,猜出,想 n.猜測19.guide n.向?qū)?,指南,?dǎo)游 v.引導(dǎo)20.guilty ,犯法的;內(nèi)疚的 21.habit n.習(xí)慣 22.half n.一半,半場 23.hand n.手;指針;幫忙,支援 v.遞;給;交付,交上 24.happen vi.(偶然)發(fā)生,碰巧 25.hard ;使勁地;猛烈地 ;困難的,艱難的 26.hardly 27.harmful ;導(dǎo)致?lián)p害的 28.hate vt.amp。全國卷Ⅱ)“What a wonderful lady!” I out gratefully I called out over my shoulder,“By the way,what’s your name?”2.(2015福建高考)And each year he’d shake his head,muttering(嘀咕)something about building selfconfidence and working towards a .(2012幫忙 2.helpless 3.hire ,雇用 n.租借4.hit v.擊,打;碰撞;使突然想起 5.hold ;抱;握?。蝗菁{;舉行;進(jìn)行 n.抓住6.holiday n.假日;假期 7.honest ,正直的 8.hope n.a(chǎn)mp。會見,面試 21.join v.參加,加入 22.main 23.manner n.方式;態(tài)度;舉止;禮貌 24.march n.游行,行進(jìn),行軍 25.mean ;打算;意欲 26.memory n.記憶27.merry ,愉快的 28.mix v.混合,混淆29.monitor n.(班級內(nèi)的)班長;監(jiān)視器 30.move v.移動;搬動;搬家;使感動 31.national ,國有的,民族的 32.nature n.自然界;性質(zhì);本性,天性 高考鏈接1.(2016北京高考) needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting ,the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away,in .(2015安徽高考)Maybe there is another way need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them also need to rethink our attitudes about .(2014山東高考)While nursing her ill elder sister throughout the years,Charlotte discovered she had an interest in 81.nervous 2.nice ,和藹的 3.noisy ,嘈雜的 4.normal n.正常 (狀態(tài))5.note n.便條,筆記,注釋;鈔票,紙幣;音符,音調(diào) ,記錄;注意6.notice n.布告,通知;注意 7.observe v.觀察,看到,注意到;遵守;慶祝 8.once n.a(chǎn)mp。v.計劃,方案27.play v.玩;打(球);比賽;扮演,假裝 n.玩耍;戲劇28.pleased ,滿意的 29.pleasure n.高興,愉快,樂事30.positive ,積極的;肯定的,正電的;陽性的 31.possess ;擁有 高考鏈接1.(2016北京高考)Someone had left a note under their door during the .(2015四川高考)Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the .(2014表揚 8.predict v.預(yù)言,預(yù)告,預(yù)測 9.present v.呈現(xiàn);遞交 10.pressure n.壓迫;壓力;壓強 11.preview ;試演;預(yù)演 12.pride n.自豪,驕傲13.principle n.原理,原則,信條 14.prize n.獎賞,獎品 ;獲獎的 15.problem n.問題,難題16.produce ;制造;展現(xiàn);制作 17.progress n.進(jìn)步,上進(jìn) ,進(jìn)行18.prohibit v.禁止,阻止 19.promise n.a(chǎn)mp。全國卷Ⅲ)Football season started in September and all summer long I worked carried my football everywhere for .(2016新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)As a matter of fact,we can see this principle at work in people of all .(2014;修補 10.repeat ;重說,重做 n.重復(fù);副本11.reply n.回答,答復(fù) 12.report n.a(chǎn)mp。v.搜尋,搜查,尋找 32.seize (時機等),奪取,搶占 33.se