【正文】 供應(yīng)鏈管 理時(shí)需要分析考察的問(wèn)題： ，以提高食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)量。因?yàn)樵谑称泛娃r(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)上不僅存在大量單一的谷類(lèi)和肉類(lèi)產(chǎn)品，而且也有根據(jù)消費(fèi)者不同的偏好和口味量身定制的食品。例如，轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油，如未進(jìn)行標(biāo)識(shí)，消費(fèi)者就很難判別食用油是否由非轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆加工而成。 ，減少食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品召回成本。供應(yīng)商通常有著很強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)性，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)食品有安全隱患和質(zhì)量問(wèn)題時(shí)，他們往往會(huì)采取措施，避免食品質(zhì)量安全問(wèn)題給企業(yè)自身或品牌帶來(lái)負(fù)面的影響。例如，在美國(guó)大多數(shù)要求召回的食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都被公布在美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部食品安 全和檢驗(yàn)服務(wù)的官方網(wǎng)站上，以便消費(fèi)者根據(jù)食品包裝的標(biāo)識(shí)信息來(lái)判定有問(wèn)題的食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。因此某種產(chǎn)品一旦出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，這些標(biāo)識(shí)信息將能夠發(fā)揮很大的作用。通過(guò)采用 EAN/UCC128 條碼符號(hào)、 GLN(全球位置碼 )可以對(duì)食品供應(yīng)鏈全過(guò)程中的產(chǎn)品及其屬性信息和參與方信息等進(jìn)行有效的標(biāo)識(shí)。 。特別是有些企業(yè)采用了基于質(zhì)量安全的食品供應(yīng)鏈的高新技術(shù)追溯系統(tǒng)，如農(nóng)場(chǎng)主使用電子耳標(biāo)識(shí)和相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集卡來(lái)跟蹤食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的免疫記錄、健康記錄和飼養(yǎng)記錄等。 然而，對(duì)所有食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都實(shí)施食品供應(yīng)鏈的質(zhì)量安全跟蹤是沒(méi)有必要的。同理，企業(yè)對(duì)食品供應(yīng)鏈信息跟蹤的寬度 、深度和精度也反映出其對(duì)基于質(zhì)量安全的食品供應(yīng)鏈的成本和收益的一種綜合取向。只有當(dāng)收益大于成本時(shí)，企業(yè)所選擇的寬度、深度和精度才是實(shí)施供應(yīng)鏈質(zhì)量安全跟蹤的動(dòng)力和保證。 G, DELL, etc. after the pany39。 the second stage of integrated logistics management phase, agricultural marketing, logistics management separate from, and to extend to the upstream producers of agricultural and food production process, emphasizing the production should be based on market demand and cost control throughout the supply chain。s increasing demands for food consumption, the inevitable result. Specifically, the causes are: (1) the consumer fresh food and agricultural products have bee increasingly demanding and require delivery of food and agricultural products, the production period as short as possible. (2) consumers of food and agricultural products quality requirements have bee more sophisticated, forcing food manufacturers to implement the food supply chain management to ensure a stable supply of raw materials upstream and downstream sales channels. (3) food quality and safety of consumers are increasingly concerned about. In order to meet consumer demand for food and agricultural products in the type and quantity requirements, panies continue to seek and develop new technologies, and new technologies and new methods of excessive use (such as pesticides, hormones, antibiotics and geically modified technology, etc.) to meet the consumer demand, but also inevitably produced a hazard causing human food quality and safety issues. This is because buyers and sellers in the market information asymmetry, consumers in the purchase of food or agricultural products, the products do not understand the health, environmental and safety information. Therefore, enterprises need in all aspects of the production process inspection and testing of products and timely disclosure of information to consumers. (4) food and agricultural panies forced the government, Relevant social w anizations and consumer demands and pressure to press the food supply chain to operate. For example, EU regulations No. 178, as from 2021 in all EUwide sales of food, must be implemented to track and trace food supply chain。 the same time, products from the market to close and only a single farm, it also makes the chain in Most of the main trading agricultural producers, their direct trading in the market, and little w contact between producers and consumers, middlemen, so growers sell directly to consumers food and agricultural products. In developing countries, especially near urban areas, the supply of vegetables, generally using this type of supply chain. type of food supply chain. This type of food supply chains are generally applicable to food and agricultural production and sales of land to the far distance, consumer demand quite different situation. As perishable agricultural products, agricultural producers can not sell their products directly, through intermediaries to provide the necessary services, such as thirdparty logistics, agricultural processors and wholesalers provide appropriate services. This type of supply chain, upstream gathered more producers, and in the middle part of a better understanding of the origin of production, but also in the sales channels to occupy a certain advantage, but fewer vendors. Therefore, Tfood supply chain and many growers, brokers and sellers and less downstream and concentrated, showing the shape of the supply chain for the Ttype. And dumbbellshaped pared to the food supply chain, which chain is longer, the sales performance of food and agricultural products and valueadded services for the indirect nature. This type of food supply chains more mon in China, China39。s food and agricultural products in large supermarkets (such as 711, Royal Ahe, Carrefour, Sainsburry and TESCO) sold of. These large supermarkets in order to meet the market for agricultural products, quality consistency and supply stability requirements, the supp