【正文】
ion ........................... 10 Hydraulic Cylinder Pressure and Back Presssure of Hydraulic Cylinder Back to the Oil Chamber ............................................................. 11 The Main Parameters of Hydraulic Cylinder .................................... 11 The Determination of Hydraulic Cylinder of the Actual Working.... 15 Hydraulic Cylinder of the Actual Traffic .......................................... 15 The Output Power of the Hydraulic Cylinder ................................... 15 Choice of Hydraulic Components ............................................................ 16 The Choice of Hydraulic Pump......................................................... 16 VII The Determination of the Motor Power ............................................ 17 The Choice of Hydraulic Valves ....................................................... 18 The Determination of Pipe Sizes....................................................... 19 The Determination of the Effective Tank Volume............................. 19 The Selection of the Hydraulic Oil ................................................... 20 Pathological Bed Hydraulic System Performance Calculation................ 20 Hydraulic System Pressure Loss ....................................................... 20 System Temperature Rise Checking.................................................. 22 Chapter Summary..................................................................................... 23 Chapter 3 Design of Pathological Bed with the Basic Dimensions of Hydraulic Cylinders..................................................................... 24 The Determine of Hydraulic Cylinder Size.............................................. 24 Hydraulic Cylinder Bores and Piston Rod Diameter ........................ 24 Cylinder Wall Thickness Calculation ................................................ 24 Cylinder Outer Diameter of the Calculation ..................................... 24 The Determination of Hydraulic Cylinder Stroke ............................. 24 The Determination of Minimumoriented Length .............................. 25 The Determination of Cylinder Length ............................................. 26 Design of the Structural of Hydraulic Cylinder ....................................... 27 Connection Structure of Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head............ 27 Connection Structure of Piston Rod and Piston ................................ 27 Seals .................................................................................................. 27 The Buffer Device of the Hydraulic Cylinder ................................... 28 The Main Material Parts of the Hydraulic Cylinder ......................... 28 The Installation of the Hydraulic Cylinder ....................................... 28 Chapter Summary..................................................................................... 28 Chapter 4 Design of Pathological Bed Hydraulic Station............................. 29 Design of Tank ......................................................................................... 29 The Determination of the Hydraulic Oil Tank .................................. 29 The Structural Design of the Tank..................................................... 30 The Structural Design of the Hydraulic Pump Group .............................. 31 Layout................................................................................................ 31 VIII Connection and Installation............................................................... 31 The Measures of Antivibration Noise Reduction............................. 32 Chapter Summary..................................................................................... 32 Conclusion......................................................................................................... 33 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... 34 References ......................................................................................................... 35 AddendunA ....................................................................................................... 36 1 第 1章 緒論 液壓系統(tǒng)綜述 液壓傳動(dòng)是現(xiàn)代傳動(dòng)中的一門新技術(shù),在工程機(jī)械中起著重要作用,是目前科研項(xiàng)目比較廣泛的課題。然而,液壓傳動(dòng)的真正推廣使用卻是近三四十年的事情,十九世紀(jì)末,德國制成了龍門液壓刨床,美國制成了液壓六角車床和磨床,由于沒有成熟的液壓元 件,一些通用機(jī)床到本世紀(jì)三十年代猜開始使用液壓傳動(dòng),并且仍不普遍。本世紀(jì)六十年代以后,隨著原子能、空間技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)等的發(fā)展,液壓技術(shù)得到了很大的發(fā)展,滲透到國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中去,液壓技術(shù)得到了很大的發(fā)展,滲透到國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中去。隨著應(yīng)用了電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算及技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)及新工藝、新材料的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用,液壓傳動(dòng)技術(shù)也在不斷創(chuàng)新。而其向自動(dòng)化、高精度、高效率、高速化、高功率、小型化、輕量化方向發(fā)展,是不斷提高它與電傳動(dòng)、機(jī)械傳動(dòng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的關(guān)鍵。然而如何將電子和液壓兩門技術(shù)結(jié)合起來,以滿足自動(dòng)控制的更高要求,就成為當(dāng)代應(yīng)用技術(shù)的重大課題之一。液壓伺服系統(tǒng)是控制領(lǐng)域中的一個(gè)重要組成部分,它是在液壓傳動(dòng)和自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一門較新的科學(xué)技 2 術(shù)。人類使用水利機(jī)械及液壓傳動(dòng)雖然已有很長(zhǎng)的歷史,但液壓控制技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展卻還是近幾十年的事,隨著電液伺服閥的誕生,使液壓 伺服技術(shù)進(jìn)入電液伺服時(shí)代,其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也得到廣泛的擴(kuò)展。 國外,在 90 年代電動(dòng)護(hù)理床開始在醫(yī)療護(hù)理中暫露頭角,這其中當(dāng)屬日本生產(chǎn)的多功能電動(dòng)遙控護(hù)理床,它采用世界領(lǐng)先科技成果,在九十年代中期開發(fā)成功的新產(chǎn)品,暢銷日本及歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家,深受消費(fèi)者喜愛,被譽(yù)為醫(yī)療及家庭護(hù)理領(lǐng) 域的一場(chǎng)革命。此設(shè)備具有使用簡(jiǎn)單、操作自如、用者自理的特點(diǎn),為中國護(hù)理行業(yè)帶來了全新的概念,也為中國中老年人和長(zhǎng)年臥床患者帶來了福音。課題完成后能使生活不能自理的病人得到最有效的治療。 本文完成的是病理床液壓伺服設(shè)計(jì)。 4 第 2章 病理床液壓伺服系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì)要求 設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)針對(duì)腦出血病人,能 夠幫助病人緩慢運(yùn)動(dòng)的病理床液壓伺服系統(tǒng)。運(yùn)動(dòng)速度 ,啟動(dòng)時(shí)間不大于 。動(dòng)作進(jìn)行中,突然斷電時(shí)保證安全可靠;工作速度平穩(wěn)可靠,前沖小。 1 工作載荷:病人與床的重力所產(chǎn)生的載荷 gF 2 摩擦載荷: gf FF ? ( 21) 3 慣性載荷:tugFF ga ??? 2 ( 22) 取 smu /?? st ?? 根據(jù)以上分析,可以計(jì)算出液壓缸各運(yùn)動(dòng)階段中的負(fù)載 5 頭部運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的負(fù)載情況 頭部運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的負(fù)載情況見表 21 表 21 頭部運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的負(fù)載情況表 工況 計(jì)算公式 液壓缸的負(fù)載 上升啟動(dòng)加速階段 afgw FFFF ??? 3207 上升穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)動(dòng)階段 fgw FFF ?? 3205 上升減速制動(dòng)階段 afgw FFFF ?? 3204 下降啟動(dòng)加速階段 afgw FFFF ?? 2082 下降穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)動(dòng)階段 fgw FFF ? 2081 下降減速制動(dòng)階段 afgw FFFF ? 2080 根據(jù)上表分析,為便于分析及計(jì)算液壓系統(tǒng),繪制出液壓缸的負(fù)載圖和速度圖,見圖 2- 1。繪制出液壓缸的負(fù)載圖和速度圖,見圖 2- 2。 負(fù)載圖 速度圖 圖 2- 3 軀干運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)液壓缸的負(fù)載圖和速度圖