【正文】
w(本義)有個凸窗肚 with child(本義)懷孩子了 3)Defecation(如廁)to be caught short(本義)給了個冷不妨 the call of nature(本義)自然的需要Can I add some powder?(本義)我可以茶點粉嗎? to cash(write)a check(本義)兌(開)張支票 to do a job for oneself(本義)做點私事 do one39。s duty(本義)盡職to ease oneself(本義)自我輕松一下 to eliminate(本義)逐出 evacuation(本義)排空 to excrete(本義)排泄to find a haven of rest(本義)尋找安息所 to fix one39。s private office(本義)到私人辦公室去 to go to bathroom(本義)到洗澡間May I adjourn?(本義)我可以變換一下地方嗎? May I please be excused?(本義)失陪了 natural necessity(本義)自然的需要 nature stop(本義)自然需要停車 to pluck a rose(本義)摘朵玫瑰 powder one39。s hands(本義)洗洗手 4)Death(死亡)to be asleep in the Arms of God(本義)安睡在上帝的懷中 to be at peace(本義)平靜了 to be at rest(本義)在休息to be called to God(本義)被召喚到上帝那 to be called home(本義)被召回家 to be home and free(本義)到家自由了 to be taken to paradise(本義)被送進(jìn)天堂 The call of God(本義)上帝的召喚 to depart(本義)離去The final departure(本義)最后離去 final sleep(本義)最后一覺 to go home(本義)回家to go to heaven(本義)進(jìn)天堂to go to one39。s own place(本義)回老家 happy land(本義)樂土to have fallen asleep(本義)入睡了 to have found rest(本義)得到安息to have gone to a better place(land, world, life)到一個更好得地方去了 in heaven(本義)在天堂to join one39。s fee(本義)付費 to rest(本義)休息to rest in peace(本義)安息to return to dust(本義)歸之塵土 to sleep(本義)長眠with God(本義)和上帝在一起with their Father(本義)與圣父在一起 to fall(本義)倒下了to do one39。s life(本義)放下自己的生命to be no longer with us(本義)不再與我們在一起了 to be out of pain(本義)擺脫痛苦to breathe one39。s account(本義)銷賬 pay one39。s exit(本義)退場 to kick off(本義)開球 to be free(本義)解脫了 to be gone(本義)去了 to be no more(本義)不復(fù)存在 to close one39。s last(本義)走到自己的終點 to go one39。s resting place(本義)到休息地去 to go to west(本義)西去to kick the bucket(本義)踢翻水桶 to lose one39。s rest(本義)休息 to shut up the shop(本義)關(guān)門職業(yè)的委婉說法,原本是garbage collector但是,美國人卻很文雅的說成了sanitation engineer或者barbologist 就是衛(wèi)生工程師或者垃圾學(xué)家當(dāng)然英國人也有相應(yīng)的說法disposal operative 。 engineer是傭人servant的簡化有個domestic executive就是housewife的委婉語。但是,plant superintendent也就是所謂的工廠監(jiān)管,就是它的婉轉(zhuǎn)語the disadvantaged。the lowine group全是委婉語 一般是senior citizens,但是作為拿養(yǎng)老金的人pensioner這個說法也開始流行 forgotten man upward prize readjustment culturally deprived environment urban camping委婉的多詩意termination of employment或者declaring staff redundant 撒謊lieshow difficulty in distinguishing between imaginary and factual material 偷盜stealneed help in learning to respect the property rights of others 懶惰lazyneed ample supervision in order to work well 有關(guān)工人失業(yè)unemployment 社會政府人事把失業(yè)說成是layoff表示成“待業(yè)”的意思。猶如,工廠裁員,委婉地說成downsizing,把責(zé)任推卸到我們要“壓縮規(guī)模上”幸免沒有被裁員的工人也會很緊張,急忙尋找second career“第二職業(yè)”,或者設(shè)法a dockanddodge game“跳槽”,目的是為了job security“職業(yè)保障”,或者自己努力成為cross functionals“多面手”,以便可以remain employable“保持就業(yè)”。s long home(本義)回到永久之家to go to one39。s ancestors(本義)加入先人的行列join the Great majority(本義)加入大多數(shù)to leave this world(本義)離開今世to pay one39。s bit(本義)盡職了to lay down one39。s last(本義)呼了最后一口氣to cancel one39。s last debt(本義)付最后一筆債kick the bucket 翹辮子pop off(the hooks)翹辮子get off the hooks 脫身了to fade away(本義)消失to make one39。s eyes(本義)瞑目to e to an end(本義)結(jié)束to go beyond(本義)到遠(yuǎn)方去to expire(本義)呼氣to go off(本義)離去to go one39。s place(本義)回老家to go to one39。s life(本義)失去了生命to pass away(本義)離去to stop living(本義)停止生存to take one39。s business(本義)干自己的活to do one39。s face(本義)化裝to freshen up(本義)梳洗打扮to get some fresh air(本義)去呼吸一點新鮮空氣to give oneself ease(本義)使自己舒服一下 to pass water(去排水)→ 小便 to see the stars(看星星)→方便 to get some fresh air(呼吸新鮮空氣)to relieve or to relieve nature(去空身)、to wash one’s hand(去洗手或凈手)to see one’s aunt(去看阿姨)answer nature’s call(響應(yīng)自然的召喚)go to wash-room(去洗手間)go to the bank(去銀行)spend a penny(去花點小錢)to pay a call(拜訪)see john(去看約翰)to go somewhere(到什么地方去一下)、consult (請教瓊斯先生)pow-der one’s nose(在鼻子上擦點粉)o have a BM(=bowel movement大便)want to make oneself fortable(想去使自己舒服點)to go(本義)to go into retreat(本義)去僻靜to go somewhere(本義)出去一下to go to Egypt(本義)到埃及去to go to one39。s nose(本義)搽點粉to relieve oneself(本義)輕松一下to wash one39。She has cancelled all her social is in an interesting is in a delicate is knitting is in the family is is in a hn~ly way. 她快要當(dāng)家了。A hole out in one(本義)一擊入洞 An accident(本義)事故 Awkward(本義)行動不便的 To be caught(本義)被捉住 to be gone(本義)已過去了 to beget(本義)產(chǎn)生break one39。s shape(本義)壞了女子體型 to sprain an ankle(本義)扭傷腳踝to swallow a watermelon seed(本義)吞了棵西瓜子 that way(本義)那樣waiting for the patter of little feet(本義)等待小腳丫聲 to wear the apron high(本義)圍裙系高 a waiting woman(本義)等待中的婦女 with a baby window(本義)有個凸窗肚 with child(本義)懷孩子了 未婚先育She is in trouble. 她碰到麻煩。She has been too friendly.她過于友善。grande dame(貴婦人,婉指老年婦女,老婦)。senior citizen(高齡公民,資深公民,婉指老人capital punishment死刑industrial action /industrial dispute 勞工行動/ 勞資糾紛失業(yè)現(xiàn)象→underutilization(未充分利用人才)或human es underdevelopment(人力資源未充分開發(fā))。Walt(戰(zhàn)爭)→ massive exchange(大規(guī)模的交火)steal或embezzle(貪污)→They misuse public funds(濫用公共資金)cancer(癌)→the Big C,long illness leprosy(麻風(fēng)病)→ Hansen S disease,mad(瘋了)→ mentaproblem,a little confused(有點反常,神志迷亂)Blind(盲的)→ sightless,constipation(便秘)→ irregularity,crippled(殘疾)→physically handicapped,disabled;crippled(瘸子)→physically handicapped(有生理缺陷的); disabled/the inconvenience the deaf(聾子)→imperfect hearing(聽覺不完美的),hard of hearing(耳沉)the blind(瞎子/盲人)→visually retarded(視力有障礙的); retarded(智力遲鈍的)→men tal lhandicapped(心智有缺陷的)AIDS(艾滋病)→social disease(社會疾病)Tuberculosis(肺結(jié)核)→lung trouble(肺部毛病)pneumonia(肺炎)→the old man’s friend(老年之交)poor students(學(xué)習(xí)成績差的學(xué)生)→below average students(低于一般水平的學(xué)生);stupid or lazy students(愚笨或懶惰的學(xué)生),而說→underachievers(未充分發(fā)揮出自己潛力的學(xué)生);poor(窮)→needy(拮據(jù))、underprivileged(經(jīng)濟狀況低下的)、disadvantage(處于不利地位的);sloppy and careless(粗心大意的人)→absentminded(心不在焉的); lie(撒謊)→not tell the truth(沒講實話);what horror!(多可怕!)→rather a nuisance!(真討厭?。?;A fire has broken out.(失火了。); steal(偷)→take other people’s things without permission(未經(jīng)許可拿了別人的東西); cheat in class(課堂考試作弊)→depend on others to do his or her work(考試靠別人),第三篇:委婉語委婉語——糖衣現(xiàn)實文字稿2007級英語七班陳思齊 田舒晴 周密密 賀巧媚 許琴 喻雯大家好!本人作為代表,很高興為大家陳述本組的語言學(xué)專題——社會語言學(xué)(sociolingusitics)。我的陳述將分為五個部分,;;;。我們都知道幾乎在所有文化中,人們對某些概念或事物總想避免直接提到它,盡管在他們所用的語言里有這些詞語。這就是——委婉語。1995年由藍(lán)登書屋(Random House)出版社出版的《韋氏大學(xué)詞典》(Webster’Co