【正文】 際需求 Va riation 1 1,000 1,050 +50 2 1,000 940 – 60 3 1,000 980 – 20 4 1,000 1,040 +40 5 1,000 1,030 +30 6 1,000 960 – 40 合計(jì) 6,000 6,000 0 上表的例子不存在偏移，但是每個(gè)月都有隨機(jī)偏差。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 提綱 ? 銷售目標(biāo)和銷售流程 ? 銷售預(yù)測(cè) (mpsec3) ? 分銷管理 ? 客戶訂單處理 ? 客戶服務(wù)評(píng)價(jià) (mpsec8) P29 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 分銷供應(yīng)鏈 Source: Adapted from Ross, David F., Distribution Planning and Control (Chapman Hill, 1996). 供應(yīng)商 制造商 批發(fā)商 零售商 客戶 / 消費(fèi)者 分銷功能 47 P31 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 集團(tuán) 總部 工廠 工廠 辦事處 辦事處 辦事處 集團(tuán) 總部 區(qū)域 A 分公司 B 分公司 A 工廠 工廠 辦事處 辦事處 集團(tuán)總部自營專賣店 工廠 工廠自營專柜 加盟專賣店 分支 /代理商 集團(tuán) 總部 工廠 工廠 分支機(jī)構(gòu) A 代理商 代理商 代理商 集團(tuán) 總部 事業(yè)部 B 事業(yè)部 C 分公司 A 分公司 C 分公司 B 分公司 D 辦事處 B01 工廠 工廠 辦事處 B02 事業(yè)部 A 分支機(jī)構(gòu) 常見的幾種分銷模式 P33 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 For example, if a pany were carrying 500 units of safety stock at one distribution center and decided to add three additional distribution centers, the required safety stock for each distribution center would be: Accordingly, the total amount of safety stock for the pany would equal: Total safety stock = 250 x 4(DCs) = 1,000 Source: Arnold, J. R. Tony, Introduction to Materials Management, 3rd ed. (PrenticeHall, 1998). 311 250=2500=4500=Stock SafetyLevel of Safety Stock Required SS for DC = of DCs SS for 1DC Where: SS = Safety Stock DC = Distribution Centre P35 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 Total Distribution System Cost ? Total cost = ? Inventory costs ? Inventory carrying costs ? Warehouse lease and utility costs ? Packaging equipment and materials ? Material handling equipment and personnel ? Cost increase with increase of centers ? Business decision ? Cost of operation Vs opportunities cost of customer services P37 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 414 Qualitative Factors in Site Selection ? Inbound transportation costs ? Outbound transportation costs ? Building and land costs ? Local tax structures ? Local labor costs ? Operating costs P39 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 Qualitative Factor Analysis Illustrated F a c t o r a n d w e i g h t * *L a b o rs u p p l y8L a b o rr e l a t i o n s6G o v e r n m e n tr e g u l a t i o n s3T r a n s p o r t a t i o n10C l i m a t e2S c h o o l s ,m e d i c a l a n dr e c r e a t i o n4S u m o fw e i g h t e ds c o r e sS i t e 1 60 90 80 80 100 60 2500S i t e 2 75 75 80 75 80 80 2520S i t e 3 80 70 90 90 50 90 2690S i t e 4 80 50 100 80 60 70 2440Table of subjective score assessments* * Score on a scale of 1 to 100 ** Weight on a scale of 1 to 10 where 1 = least significant and 10 = most significant 416 (Best Site) P41 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 Reorder Point ? Demand constant and predictable ? ROP = DDLT + SS ? Safety Stock covers demand variation in lead time ? Basically reactive, looks at history ? No advance notice to the supplier 418 P43 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 Push System DC 1 DC 2 DC 3 Regional Warehouse 420 P45 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 422 TimePhased Order Point Example Safety stock = 80 Order quantity = 500 Lead time = 2 Periods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Forecast demand 130 160 120 260 130 120 185 115 Scheduled receipts Projected available 370 240 80 460 200 570 450 265 150 Net Requirements 40 10 Planned order receipts 500 500 Planned order released 500 500 P47 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 424 Distribution Requirements Planning ? Planning replenishment in a distribution work ? Using “TPOP/MRP” logic ? Multilevel usage ? Implodes to master scheduling ? Planning horizon ? Replanning frequency P49 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 Distribution Resource Planning (DRP II) The extension of distribution requirements planning into the planning of the key resources contained in a distribution system: warehouse space, workforce, money, trucks, freight cars, etc. APICS Dictionary, 9th ed., 1998. 427 P51 版權(quán)所有 169。19932023 金蝶軟件 (中國 )有限公司 VendorManaged Inventory (VMI) ? Supplier has access to customer’s inventory data ? The vendor is responsible for maintaining customer’s inventory levels ? Repleni