【正文】
來作為社會性的比較與競爭 ? 經(jīng)濟上的用途 影響親職功能的危險因素 ? 不適當(dāng)?shù)臏贤? ? 家庭成員角色混淆 ? 孤立 ? 父母的童年經(jīng)驗 ? 婚姻問題 ? 父母分離 ? 父母罹患慢性病 ? 擁有許多年齡相近的子女 ? 父母濫用酒精與藥物 Trends in Family Values in Last Fifty Years Traditional Familism (mid1940s to mid1960s) 1. High birth rates 2. Low divorce rates 3. High degree of marital stability 4. Economic factors affecting family include strong economy with high standard of living and expanding middle class 5. Cultural values emphasized conformity to social norms, different sex roles for men and women, and idealization of family life. Trends in Family Values in Last Fifty Years Period of Individualism (mid1960s to mid1980s) ? diversity in population ? 2. Creation of single lifestyle ? 3. Postponement of marriage ? birth rate ? 5. Rising divorce rate ? 6. Economic factors affecting family include women’ s increasing participation at work and idealization of work ? 7. Cultural values emphasized selfexpression as the source of meaning in life and a decline in definite sex roles for men and women Trends in Family Values in Last Fifty Years New Familism (mid1980s~present) ? 1. Increase in birthrate ? 2. Leveling off of divorce rate ? 3. Economic factors affecting family include leveling off of women’ s participation in workforce. ? 4. Cultural values include a shift from selfexpression to greater attachment to family but with less conformity than in the traditional period. Parenting is…. ? Ongoing interaction between parent and child and society ? A role with two major tasks of establishing warm relationships and providing opportunities of development Family life in the past… ? Included