【正文】 dj. 營養(yǎng)的 o deficiency [di5fiFEnsi] n. 缺乏 o fume [fju:m] n. 濃煙 074Birds are the only animals with feathers, collectively called plumage, although some other animals, such as insects and bats, also have wings. Nearly all birds can fly, and even flightless birds, such as ostriches and penguins, evolved from flying ancestors. Many characteristics and behaviors of birds are distinct from all other animals, but there are some similarities. Like mammals, birds have fourchambered hearts and are warmblooded — having a relatively constant body temperature that enables them to live in a wide variety of environments. Like reptiles, birds develop from embryos in eggs outside of the mother’s body.o plumage [5plu:midV] n. (鳥的)全身羽毛 o ostrich [5astritF] n. 鴕鳥 o penguin [5peN^win] n. 企鵝 o ancestor [5AnsistE] n. 祖先 o distinct [dis5tiNkt] adj. 截然不同的 o similarity [7simE5lArEti] n. 相似之處 o chamber [5tFeimbE] n. 腔 o warmblooded [wC:m5blQdid] adj. 恒溫的(動(dòng)物) o constant [5kCnstEnt] adj. 恒定不變的 o reptile [5reptail] n. 爬行動(dòng)物 o embryo [5embriEu] n. 胚胎 075The main ponent of feathers is keratin, a flexible protein that also forms the hair and fingernails of mammals. Feathers provide the strong yet lightweight surface area needed for powered, aerodynamic flight. They also serve as insulation, trapping pockets of air to help birds conserve their body heat. The varied patterns, colors, textures, and shapes of feathers help birds to signal their age, sex, social status, and species identity to one another. Some birds have plumage that blends in with their surroundings to provide camouflage, helping these birds escape notice by their predators. Birds use their beaks to preen their feathers, often making use of oil from a gland at the base of their tails. Preening removes dirt and parasites and keeps feathers waterproof and supple. Because feathers are nonliving structures that cannot repair themselves when worn or broken, they must be renewed periodically. Most adult birds molt — lose and replace their feathers — at least once a year.o keratin [5kerEtin] n. 角質(zhì) o flexible [5fleksEbl] adj. 柔韌的 o mammal [5mAmEl] n. 哺乳動(dòng)物 o aerodynamic [7eErEudai5nAmik] adj. 空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)的 o insulation [7insju5leiFEn] n. 絕緣，絕熱 o trap [trAp] v. 捕捉 o conserve [kEn5sE:v] v. 保存 o texture [5tekstFE] n. 質(zhì)地 o social status [5sEuFEl] [5steitEs] n. 社會(huì)地位 o blend in [blend] [in]v. 與(環(huán)境等)協(xié)調(diào) o camouflage [5kAmEflB:V] n. 偽裝 o predator [5predEtE] n. 捕食者 o beak [bi:k] n. 喙 o preen [pri:n] v. (鳥)用嘴整理 o gland [^lAnd] n. 腺 o tail [teil] n. 尾 o parasite [5pArEsait] n. 寄生生物 o waterproof [5wC:tEpru:f] adj. 防水的 o supple [5sQpl] adj. 柔軟的 o worn [wC:n] adj. 用舊了的，磨破了的 o periodically [7piEri5CdikEli] adj. 周期的，定期的 o molt [mEult] v. 換毛 076Bird wings are highly modified forelimbs with a skeletal structure resembling that of arms. The shape of a bird’s wings influences its style of flight, which may consist of gliding, soaring, or flapping. Flight muscles are located in the chest and are attached to the wings by large tendons. The breastbone, a large bone shaped like the keel of a boat, supports the flight muscles.o forelimb [5fC:lim] n. 前肢 o resemble [ri5zembl] v. 類似 o glide [^laid] v. 滑行 o soar [sC:] v. 翱翔 o flap [flAp] v. 振翅飛行 o chest [tFest] n. 胸部 o tendon [5tendEn] n. 腱 o breastbone [5brestbEun] n. 胸骨 o keel [ki:l] n. 龍骨：船的主要結(jié)構(gòu)部件077Nearly all birds have a tail, the paired flight feathers of which, called rectrices, extend from the margins of a bird’s tail. Tails may be square, rounded, pointed, or forked, depending on the lengths of the rectrices and the way they terminate. o tail [teil] n. 尾 o rectrix [5rektriks] n. (plural: rectirces [5rektrEksiz])舵羽：鳥尾巴上主要幾支硬羽毛的一支，用于掌握飛行方向 o square [skweE] adj. 正方形的 o forked [5fC:kt] adj. 叉狀的 o terminate [5tE:mineit] v. 中止，結(jié)束 078Birds have two legs。 the earth’s magnetic field。 females, especially those more than a year old, are called hens。 very young chickens of either sex are called chicks。 mollusks, including oysters and squid。 some amphibians, including frogs。 on the latter are four rows of suction cups encircled by rings of chitinous(horny) hooks. The contractile tentacles, longer than the rest, are used to seize the prey and pass it to the shorter arms, which hold it to be torn by strong jaws shaped like a parrot39。 one genus secretes luminescent ink.o squid [skwid] n. 魷魚 o carnivorous [kB:5nivErEs] adj. 食肉類的 o mollusk [5mClEsk] n. 軟體動(dòng)物 o cuttlefish [5kQtlfiF] n. 墨魚, 烏賊 o octopus [5CktEpEs] n. 章魚 o stiffen [5stifnd] v. 使僵硬 o interior [in5tiEriE] adj. 內(nèi)部的 o cartilaginous [7kB:tE5lAdVEnEs] adj. 軟骨(質(zhì))的 o spherical [5sferikEl] adj. 球形的 o cigarshaped [si5^B:] [Feipt]adj. 雪茄形的 o lateral fin [5lAtErEl] [fin]n. 側(cè)鰭 o suckerbearing [5sQkE] [5beEriN]adj. 長著吸盤的 o contractile [kEn5trAktl] adj. 會(huì)收縮的 o tentacle [5tentEkl] n. 觸須、觸角 o spatulate [5spAtFjulit] adj. 竹片狀的 o row [rEu] n. 行，排 o suction cup [5sQkFEn] [kQp]n. 吸盤 o chitinous [5kaitEnEs] adj. 殼質(zhì)的 o horny [5hC:ni] adj. 角狀的 o seize [si:z] v. 抓住 o prey [prei] n. 被掠食者，戰(zhàn)利品 o torn [tC:n] n. (tear的分詞)撕 o jaw [dVC:] n. 顎, 頜 o parrot [5pArEt] n. 鸚鵡 o beak [bi:k] n. 喙 o invertebrate [in5vE:tEbrEt] n. 無脊椎動(dòng)物 o expel [iks5pel] v. 噴出, 發(fā)射 o mantle cavity [5mAntl] [