【正文】 澳大利亞）抗原無反應(yīng)。記住這些常用詞對(duì)閱讀本項(xiàng)內(nèi)容大有益處。有些說明書會(huì)較詳細(xì)地介紹藥品的藥理作用（Pharmacological Actions）?！　∵@一項(xiàng)目中涉及的詞匯范圍包括藥理學(xué)、生理學(xué)、化學(xué)、毒理學(xué)、微生物學(xué)及醫(yī)學(xué)等學(xué)科，專業(yè)詞匯多，是較難閱讀的一部分內(nèi)容，閱讀時(shí)可參閱《英漢醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯》、《英漢微生物學(xué)詞匯》及《英漢化學(xué)化工詞匯》等工具書。　　一、常見句型舉例　　例1. Mean peek serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration.　　肌注后約30~50分鐘之間妥布毒素的平均血藥濃度達(dá)到高峰?！　±?. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral circulation and those disorders related to insufficient arterial flow in the limbs.　　臨床試驗(yàn)證實(shí)，本品療效高，可改善已改變了的腦循環(huán)，使之恢復(fù)正常，治療與四肢動(dòng)脈血流不暢有關(guān)的疾病。本品具殺菌、耐酸作用，且口服或肌注吸收良好。　　例6. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated muscle relaxant.　　已證明芬那露是療效很好的橫紋肌松施藥?！　±?. Therapeutically, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilation to increase the blood stream.　　從治療上看，三磷酸腺苷注射劑顯示了非常好的效果，特別是在活化神經(jīng)的功能及代謝，以及舒張冠狀與外周血管以增加血流方面更是如此。 kidney 腎　　mechanism 機(jī)理　　serum concentration 血清濃度　　tolerance 耐受性　　infection 感染　　in vivo 體內(nèi)　　level 水平，濃度　　plasm level 血漿濃度（水平）　　toxicity 毒性　　以上僅舉部分例詞，此外還有許多專業(yè)詞匯和基礎(chǔ)詞匯請(qǐng)參閱有關(guān)資料。 “適應(yīng)癥”最常用的有以下幾種表示方法　　Indications適應(yīng)癥　　Indications and Usage 適應(yīng)癥與用途　　Major（Principal）Indications 主要適應(yīng)癥　　Uses用途　　Action and Use作用與用途　　偶爾也會(huì)見到其他的表示方法?！　∫?、常見句型　　本項(xiàng)是說明書的重點(diǎn)，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來分析，大致有以下幾種類型。 Angina pectoris, Prinzmetal39?！　±? For prevention of the advance of cataract.　　用于預(yù)防白內(nèi)障進(jìn)展?！　?To+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，如：　　例5 To prevent the formation of urinary calculi，especially in cases where they tend to recur.　　用于預(yù)防尿路，特別是易發(fā)部位的結(jié)石的形成。　　完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或段落，有時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)很復(fù)雜； 例7 Amikacin is useful in the treatment of infections from Gram－negative sensitive species，there included the Pseudomonas species；it may also be useful to treat infections caused by sensitive staphylococci,　　阿米卡星可用于治療革蘭氏陽(yáng)性敏感菌（其中包括假單孢菌）引起的感染，也可用于治療敏感葡萄球菌引起的感染。　　例10 Fungizone intravenous is especially intended to treat cryptococcosis……　　注射用凡疾送特別適用于治療隱球菌病?！　±?2 Benemid is remended for the treatmemt of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during antiinfective therapy.　　丙磺舒被推薦用于治療痛風(fēng)及痛風(fēng)關(guān)節(jié)炎，及在強(qiáng)化抗感染治療時(shí)增加并延長(zhǎng)青霉素類及頭孢菌素類的血漿濃度?！　±?15 Conitant therapy with other calcium antagonists, antihypertensives and alcohol may potentiate the hypotensive action of the drug.　　與其他的鈣桔抗劑、抗高血壓藥物及酒精飲料同時(shí)使用，會(huì)增強(qiáng)本品的降低血壓的作用?！　e active against對(duì)……有效　　be intended to…適用于……　　be administrated in …適用于…　　be of value of … 適用于……　　be effective in (for, against)…對(duì)…有效　　be remended for 推薦用于……　　be employed to …用于……　　be used to (for, as)…用于……　　be helpful in … 用于……　　be useful in … 用于……　　be indicated in (for)…適用于…　　for (in) the treatment (management) of… 用于治療（控制）　　表示與“其他藥物合用”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：　　be associated with　　in association with　　be bined with　　in bination with　　be patible with　　in conjunction with　　conitant with　　together with藥品說明書翻譯指南5：禁忌癥 Contraindications藥品使用說明書——禁忌癥的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)及翻譯方法。本項(xiàng)中最常用的英語(yǔ)表示法是Contraindications，也有用Restrictions on Use（用藥限制）的?！　±?. Pregnacy, allergy to methotrexate, functional disorders of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, recent operation wounds.　　孕期，對(duì)氨甲葉酸過敏，肝、腎功能障礙，造血系統(tǒng)疾病（骨髓機(jī)能減退、白細(xì)胞及血小板減少、貧血），傳染病，口腔及胃潰瘍，近期術(shù)后傷口等忌用?！　?） 完整的句子或段落?！　±?. Cefazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics.　　先鋒5號(hào)禁用于已知對(duì)頭孢菌素類抗生素過敏的患者。　　例5. Do not take Benemid if prior administration resulted in hypersensitivity Benemid is not remended for persons with known disorders of the blood or uric acid kidney stones. Do not give Benemid to children under two years of age.　　若以前使用丙磺舒曾引起過敏反應(yīng)，則應(yīng)禁用?！　±?. Phenothiazine pounds should not be used in patients receiving large doses of hypnotics, and should be used, with caution in patients with a history of convulssive disorders, since grand mal convulsions have been known to occur.　　接受大劑量安眠藥的患者不應(yīng)使用吩噻嗪化合物，對(duì)有驚厥病史的患者應(yīng)慎用，因?yàn)橐阎邪l(fā)生過癲癇大發(fā)作?！?例8. This product is contraindicated in those patients who have shown hypersensitivity to it unless, in the opinion of the physician, the condition requiring treatment is life threatening and amenable only to amphotericin B therapy.　　除非根據(jù)醫(yī)生的意見，認(rèn)為需要治療的患者的病情危及生命，并且只有兩性霉素B治療才可能使其有所改善之外，對(duì)本品過敏的患者禁用本品?！　±?0. The use of Alexan in nursing mothers is not remended.　　哺乳期婦女最好不用愛力生?！　∷摹⒃?Restrictions on use 的項(xiàng)目中有時(shí)還有小標(biāo)題　　Contraindications 禁忌癥　　Precautions (Note) 注意事項(xiàng)　　Warning 警告　　Pregnancy and Lactation 妊娠與哺乳藥品說明書翻譯指南6：用量與用法 Dosage and Administration藥品用量及用法是藥品說明書的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，讀者（譯者）必須正確理解本項(xiàng)內(nèi)容中的給藥對(duì)象、給藥方式、劑量及劑量單位、給藥時(shí)間等?！　〕Ｓ帽硎緞┝康男g(shù)語(yǔ)　　average dose 平均劑量 minimal (minimum) dose 最小有效量　　daily dose 日劑量（一日量） multiple dose 多劑量　　divided dose 分次劑量 overdose (overdose) 過量　　fatal (lethal) dose 致死量 single dose 一次劑量　　indicated dose 有效蠐量 standard dose 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（合適）劑量　　initial (beginning, starting) dose 首次量 suggested (remended) dose 推薦劑量　　maintenance dose 維持量 therapeutic dose 治療劑量　　maximum dose 最大劑量（極量）ml=milliliter 毫升　　kg=kilogram 千克 . 毫升　　mcg=microgram 微克body weight 體重　　per square meter of body surface 每平方米體表面積　　每次給藥次數(shù)的表示方法　　daily (per day, a day, every day) 每日　　every …h(huán)ours 每隔…小時(shí)　　intervals of … 每隔…　　once (twice) daily (a day) 每日一（二）次　　every other day 每隔一日　　three times a day (daily) 每日三次　　three times a week 每周三次　　once (twice) a week (weekly) 每周一（二）次　　Divided into … doses 分…次　　in two or three divided doses 分為二或三次（個(gè)劑量）　　例1 Unless otherwise prescribed by the physician, the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily.　　如果醫(yī)生不另開處方，平均日劑量為每日3次、每次1個(gè)膠囊。　　例3 The initial dosage remended is 1/2 tablet of Madopa 250 three times daily.