【正文】 you anything. But if more than a few weeks go by, we might have a real problem that would difficult to fix in time for you to graduate. In fact, there probably would be nothing we could do. Stu: I will get on that. Lecture Pro: Well, last time we talked about passive habitat selection, like plants for example, they don39。s look at the effect the preference can have by looking at some examples, but first let’s recap. What do we mean by habitat? Frank? Stu: Well, it’s basically the place or environment where an anism normally lives and grows. Pro: Right, and as we discussed, there are some key elements that habitat must contain, food obviously, water, and is got have a right climate and basics for physical protection. And we were sound how important habitat selection is when we look at the habitat were some of the factors are removed, perhaps through habitats’ destruction. I just read about a short bird, the plover. The plover lives by the ocean and feeds on small shellfish insects in plants. It blends in with the sand, so it well camouflage from predator birds above. But it lags eggs in shallow depressions in the sand with very little protection around them. So if there are people or dogs on the beach, the eggs and fledglings in the nest are really vulnerable. Outing California weather has been a lot of human development by the ocean. The plovers are now is threaten species. So conservation is tried to recreate a new habitat for them. They made artificial beaches and sun bars in area inaccessible to people and dogs. And the plover population is up quite a bit in those places. Ok. That is an incidence where a habitat is made less suitable. But now, what about the case where animal exhibits a clear choice between two suitable habitats in cases like that. Dose the preference matter? Let39。t always seem to correlate with greater reproductive success. For example, In Europe, study has been done of blackcap warblers. We just call them blackcaps. Blackcaps can be found in two different environments. Their preferred habitat is forest that near the edge of streams. However, blackcaps also live in pine woods away from water. Study has been done on the reproductive success rate for birds in both areas, and the result showed surprisingly that the reproductive success was essentially the same in both areas the preferred and the second choice habitat. Well. Why? It turns out there were actually four times as many bird pairs or couples living in the stream edge habitat pared to the area away from the stream, so this stream edge area had much denser population which meant more members of same species peting for the resources. When into feed on same thing or build their nests in the same places, which lower the suitability of the prime habitat even though its their preferred habitat. So the results of the study suggests that when the number of the petitors in the prime habitat reaches a certain point, the second random habitat bees just as successful as the prime habitat, just because there are fewer members of the same species living there. So it looks like petition for resources is another important factor in determining if particular habitat is suitable. Lecture Pro: We had been talking about the art world in the late century in Paris. Today I’d like to look at the woman who went to Paris at that time to bee artists. Now from your reading what do you know about Paris about the art world of Paris during the late nieen centuries? Stu: People came from all over the world to study. Stu: It had a lot of art schools and artists who taught painting. There were, our book mention is classes for women artists. And it was a good place to go to study art. Pro: If you want to bee an artist, Paris was not a good place to go。 policy. He pletely separated the man and woman students. Stu: Any reason why he did that? Pro: Well. Like I said Julian was a brilliant business man, with progressive ideas. He thought another small private art school where all the students were women was very popular at that time. And that’s probably why he adopted the women only classes. His classes were typically offer by an established artist and were held in the studio, the place where they painted. This was a big deal because finally women could study art in a formal setting. And there was another benefit to the group setting in