【正文】 king a cold shower every morning does him a lot good. 那么：____in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for. 　　 A) The girl to be educated 　　 B) The girl educated 　　 C) The girl39。不定式做主語(yǔ)表示具體的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)則可以表示抽象或一般性的動(dòng)作或情況。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們常用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞放到句尾，特別要注意如下結(jié)構(gòu)：It is useless (no use, no good, no harm) doing... It is a waste of time doing... It is worthwhile doing... 例如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him. It is no good leaving today39。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：admit, advice, anticipate, appreciate, avoid，consider, delay，deny，dislike, enjoy，escape，excuse, fancy，favor, finish，imagine，include , keep, mind，miss, postpone, practise，prevent , propose, resist, risk, suggest等。 　　 That young guy still denies ____the fire behind the store. 　　 A) to start B)having started 　　 C) start D) to have started 　　 deny后面加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而且引發(fā)火災(zāi)是在否認(rèn)這一動(dòng)做之前，所以用動(dòng)名詞的完成式，答案為B。 例如：My shoes need mending. The following language points deserve mentioning. This matter demands discussing. 那么：Your hair wants ____. You had better have it done now. 　　 A) cut B) to cut 　　 C) cutting D) being cut 　　 want, need, require等動(dòng)詞后經(jīng)常加動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)的意思，故答案為C。這樣的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：feel like，give up，go on，object/objection to，put off，keep on，insist on，leave off，look forward to，think of, can39。 例如：Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight? Chinese people are looking forward to holding the 27th Olympic games. I am used to going to bed late and getting up late. 那么：Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ____late for his lecture. 　　 A) to have students B) for students39。 being 　　 be/get used to doing表示習(xí)慣于干什么，是固定用法，因此答案為D。動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，而句中聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有進(jìn)行，因此用動(dòng)名詞的一般式，答案為B。這些動(dòng)詞有：forget, like, remember, regret, try等。 　　 例如：Don39。 　　 例如：I39。forget doing表示忘了做過(guò)某事。 例如： I will remember to write to you often. If I had remembered ____the window, the thief would not have got in. 　　 A) to close B) closing 　　 C) to have closed D)having closed remember to do表示記得要做某事，還沒(méi)有做。 remember doing：記得做過(guò)某事。t accept your invitation. 　　regret doing：后悔做過(guò)某事。 　　例如: One should try to do everything well. try doing：試著做某事。 例如: She left without saying anything to us. Man39。另外，根據(jù)句意：安妮從來(lái)沒(méi)有夢(mèng)想過(guò)她有一個(gè)很快被送出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)，介詞后面含有“有”的意思，用there be結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)，故正確答案為A. 動(dòng)名詞（二） 一、動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)之分 1． 時(shí)態(tài) 1）一般式：動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作可以是泛指，也可與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后。如： Imagine having travelled on the moon. We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 2．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1）如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有一般式與完成式之分。如： The bike needs repairing. If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. 二、其他用法 1．在口語(yǔ)中，為避免重復(fù)，常用to代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)甚至可以把to省略。t enough time. 2）—Would you like to e to a party? —I39。t make any mistakes in your homework, will you? —I39。t you? —OK, I39。 2. 在why引起的問(wèn)句中，省略to。如： It39。如： devote…to, face up to（勇敢地面對(duì)），look forward to（盼望），object to（反對(duì)），take to（養(yǎng) 成習(xí)慣，對(duì)……感興趣；開(kāi)始從事某種活動(dòng)），be used to（習(xí)慣于）等。被修飾的名詞, 詞組或代詞即先行詞。關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 一、詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞 句子成分　 用于限制從句或非限制性從句　　 只用于限制性從句　　　 代替人　　　　 代替物　　　　　　代替人或物 主 語(yǔ)　 Who　　　　　　　 which　　　　　　　 that 主 語(yǔ)　 Whom　　　　　　　which　　　　　　　 that 賓語(yǔ)　 Whose(=of whom)　 whose(=of which) 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例３：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例４：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. ２．關(guān)系代詞的用法 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。which可作表語(yǔ)，既可指人，以可指物。which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which?！敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+