自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)評(píng)估ppt課件-在線(xiàn)瀏覽
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【正文】 the strengths and weaknesses of a particular system. In the case of a multiple system review, a parative checklist can help to verify the existence of features across systems and thus to identify parative strengths and weaknesses. ? 在進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)評(píng)估時(shí) Checklist是相當(dāng)有用的工具，對(duì)單一系統(tǒng)評(píng)估，它可以協(xié)助整理需求清單，同時(shí)指出特定系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺與弱點(diǎn)。 ? The use of a checklist ensures that the same questions about system features are posed consistently across systems. ? Checklist的使用確保問(wèn)題在不同系統(tǒng)間可以在一致性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下進(jìn)行比較。 control。 search aids。 display。 8. Commands。 10. OPAC usability via remote access. ? Cherry等 (1994)使用 checklist對(duì)加拿大十二所學(xué)院圖書(shū)館進(jìn)行評(píng)估，首先他對(duì)兩個(gè)研究群組進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的特性資料收集，針對(duì)此兩個(gè)資料集再進(jìn)行第三次查核以除去誤差以求數(shù)據(jù)之公正。此十大類(lèi)別為： 1.資料庫(kù)特性 。 。 。 。 10. 經(jīng)由 OPAC遠(yuǎn)端存取的使用率。合約接受性 (驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn) )清楚地指出何種效益必須達(dá)到要求，以及效益水準(zhǔn)為何、檢驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)是否在合約所認(rèn)定的規(guī)範(fàn)下執(zhí)行。 ? Stress tests are monly used to test implementations of new features. ? 著重測(cè)試 (具時(shí)迫性測(cè)試 )是為了對(duì)新上線(xiàn)的系統(tǒng)特性予以測(cè)試。資料存取算是否會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)回應(yīng)時(shí)間，而確地規(guī)劃是相當(dāng)困難，因?yàn)樗罅啃氏嚓P(guān)因素的預(yù)測(cè)與其相互影響的評(píng)估。這類(lèi)研究的目標(biāo)在於收集並分析回饋資訊以求更好的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。非強(qiáng)制性觀(guān)察法是以使用者實(shí)際使用系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程收集資料，而使用者可能在不知情的情況下鍵入動(dòng)作，均被記錄下來(lái)並以觀(guān)察。 ? Obtrusive measures are used primarily to obtain feedback on user preferences for various system features and their opinions on system performance. ? 強(qiáng)迫性觀(guān)察的評(píng)量主要是可以獲得使用者徧好的回饋，以及他們對(duì)系統(tǒng)效益的看法。 ? Data thus collected can be useful in revealing how specific system features are exploited and in identifying features that appear to be giving users significant problems. At least three types of approach are applicable: review of transaction logs, direct observation of users operating at terminals, and video and/or audio taping of user performance. ? 特定的系統(tǒng)特質(zhì)可以依據(jù)使用者所提供的重大問(wèn)題予以發(fā)掘。 ? Transaction log analysis (TLA) has been defined as the ―… studey of electronically recorded interactions between online information retrieval systems and the persons who search for the information found in those systems.(Peters et al., 1993a) ? 交易記錄分析被定義研究 ” 使用者存取系統(tǒng)與資訊檢索間電子記錄的研究 ” 。 ? Many TLA studies gather information on how frequently system features are used: choice of search type, use of help screens, how many hits users are willing to review, how often a search results in zero hits, the number and type of error messages that users receive, and so on. ? 多數(shù) TLA研究在於收集系統(tǒng)特性、使用的頻率、搜尋型態(tài)的選擇、 help螢?zāi)灰约肮δ艿氖褂谩⑹褂谜咧馗颤c(diǎn)選的hits數(shù)、使用者看到錯(cuò)誤訊息的數(shù)量。 ? Despite all of its potential benefits, transaction log analysis does have limitations. In many systems with transaction log monitoring facilities, it is either difficult or impossible to delineate individual user searching sessions. ? 除了上述所提及的優(yōu)點(diǎn)外 , TLA方法亦有其限制，在許多系統(tǒng)中 TLA要找到別使用者的搜尋 Session是相當(dāng)因難，甚至是不可能的。 ? Another problem is that of cost. A prehensive monitoring module can add a significant overhead to the cost of operating the system. ? 另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是成本考量，持續(xù)的觀(guān)察對(duì)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)作是不個(gè)明顯的負(fù)擔(dān)。 ? Transaction log analysis collects data about system use in the aggregate and deals on with the quantitative which mands are used how often, which heading are consulted, how much time is spent per session, and so on. The most obvious example is the monitoring and analysis of use of a help mand. Knowing what types of help are requested by users, especially in the case of a new system or one that has recently added new features, can be of great value in identifying problem areas that may not have been anticipated in the system design but may in fact, be rather easy to correct. ? TLA 在系統(tǒng)使用分析上以量為分析對(duì)象包含對(duì)使用頻率、上線(xiàn)的時(shí)間以及對(duì)系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的協(xié)助查詢(xún)等，在量的收集包含總數(shù)及其分配。 如果知道何種型態(tài)的 help mand是使用者最常發(fā)送的動(dòng)作，則能清楚對(duì)新系統(tǒng)或新增功能找出其問(wèn)題所在，而這些問(wèn)題剛好是在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)未曾被考量但卻需予以修正。 it is the degree of consistency in what is observed, and at what intervals it is observed, that determines the reliability of the data collected. ? 雖然較少受到研究者的認(rèn)同，直接觀(guān)察法可能是收集線(xiàn)上系統(tǒng)使用者資訊中最普遍的技術(shù)。然而這類(lèi)技術(shù)並不完全有缺陷，重要的是所觀(guān)察事件現(xiàn)象的一致性程度如何，且觀(guān)察時(shí)段區(qū)間如何，而這些均是決定所收集到資訊的可靠性。例如，如果想要得知使用者在閱覽室中需多少時(shí)間排隊(duì)方能使用終端機(jī)，若僅
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