【正文】 ight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter. It was so quiet. There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire for pany. As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.PART 6 THE END OF OUR JOUNEY it also had wide streets with trees in rows and old French Vientiane, ships could travel the Mekong River the center of the city we visited the palace and a beautiful white elephant. It can only be seen outside the palace on special days. We ate an early supper and went to see a great temple with floors made of sliver.Two days later we crossed the border into Vietnam. We began to see many more people,but I wasn’t surprised .I read in an atlas before our trip that Vietnam has almost seven times the population of Cambodia. We met a farmer who gave us directions and told us that he grows a new rice crop four times every year so he can feed more also told us that the northern part of his country has many mountains and it is much cooler than here in the south,where it is the flat delta made it easier for us to got warm very we drank lots of water and ate lots of the delta separated into nine smaller days later,after we had passed thousands of rice fields,we came to the sea. We were tired but also in high spirits:our dream to cycle along the Mekong River had finally e true.A NIGHT THE EARTH DID’T SLEEP At3:42 am everything began to seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greast earthquake of 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing,which is more thantwo hundred kilometresHDPE雙壁波紋管生產(chǎn)線項(xiàng)目可行性研究報(bào)告一?概 述我國塑料管產(chǎn)業(yè)正面臨快速發(fā)展的歷史機(jī)遇, 進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)我國塑料管產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)快速增長的時(shí)期,目前全國塑料管產(chǎn)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)已經(jīng)建立,市場的需求明顯呈飛躍式發(fā)展,技術(shù)的進(jìn)步及塑料管所涉及領(lǐng)域在逐步擴(kuò)大,從20世紀(jì)90年代的塑料管?PEX管?PPR管等新型建材逐步從不認(rèn)識到被接受,以及建設(shè)部及設(shè)計(jì)部門的大力推廣,使塑料管材加工業(yè)呈蓬勃發(fā)展態(tài)勢?但在人們大搞供水?燃?xì)夤軜I(yè)的同時(shí)忽視市場潛力巨大的排水管道市場?上世紀(jì)90年代末,我國塑料管在各個(gè)市場領(lǐng)域內(nèi)分布狀況,業(yè)內(nèi)權(quán)威人士對此進(jìn)行了分析及對比?如下表:表1:塑料管的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中國名稱室外給水管建筑給水管建筑排水管埋地排水管輸氣管電工套管農(nóng)業(yè)用管工業(yè)用管總計(jì)歐洲名稱飲水管采暖/室內(nèi)用管污水/排水管燃?xì)夤茏o(hù)套管農(nóng)業(yè)用管工業(yè)用管—中國1998年估計(jì)產(chǎn)量/萬噸121851510850占塑料管總量的比例%24216102102016100歐洲1997年產(chǎn)量/萬噸占塑料管總量的比例%77100從以上的分析和比較可以明顯看到,我國在建筑排水?電工套管領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的比較好,在地埋管方面的發(fā)展最差,歐洲埋地?%,而我國埋地排水管僅占10%,這些差距說明我國的埋地管還處在起步階段,市場潛力巨大?據(jù)分析,市場潛力最大的領(lǐng)域?qū)⑹沁^去發(fā)展最差的埋地排水管?根據(jù)發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn),塑料管應(yīng)用量(質(zhì)量計(jì))最大的領(lǐng)域在排水排污管,主要是室外的埋地排水排污管?這是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代化的國家需要建設(shè)一個(gè)龐大的,遍布城鄉(xiāng)的排水排污管道系統(tǒng),不僅生活排水?工業(yè)排水要進(jìn)入這個(gè)管系,體積量更大的雨水也有很大部分需要通過這個(gè)排水系統(tǒng)收集和輸送(排水管一般是無壓的,管徑較大)?我國過去在埋地排水領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用塑料管最為落后,原因之一是中國過去對于環(huán)境保護(hù)不夠重視,排水管的建設(shè)投資不足,傳統(tǒng)排水管主要采用價(jià)格最低的平接口混泥土管?原因之二是塑料埋地排水管和傳統(tǒng)的混泥土埋地排水管不同,其設(shè)計(jì)施工和驗(yàn)收需要全新的規(guī)范?中國過去對塑料埋地排水管的研究試驗(yàn)不夠,實(shí)際應(yīng)用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也不足,一直沒有制定出國家級的設(shè)計(jì)施工和驗(yàn)收規(guī)范?因此前些年有多家企業(yè)引進(jìn)塑料埋地排水管生產(chǎn)線后都難以打開市場,停留在做個(gè)別試驗(yàn)工程的階段?近幾年,塑料埋地排水管的市場開始起步,一方面是因?yàn)橹袊絹碓街匾暛h(huán)境保護(hù),不少地區(qū)大力治理江河湖海的污染。 ,。 全線采用西門子PLC控制系統(tǒng),自動化程度高,控制精確,運(yùn)行可靠,操作簡便。 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的成型機(jī)頭,使內(nèi)?外層壁厚均勻,成型穩(wěn)定,并且具有內(nèi)壁厚度可調(diào)功能。 具有先進(jìn)的在線擴(kuò)口功能,通過PLC控制系統(tǒng),可實(shí)現(xiàn)自動在線的雙層擴(kuò)口功能,且擴(kuò)口壁厚可有效增厚。 管材聯(lián)接工藝簡單,施工快捷方便,不需要特殊管件?六?生產(chǎn)能力和管材成本本項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)8條生產(chǎn)線,總投資8000萬元,固定資產(chǎn)投資5000萬元,流動資金3000萬元?一期上馬6條生產(chǎn)線,總投資6000萬元,固定資產(chǎn)投資3500萬元,流動資金2500萬元,主要建設(shè)內(nèi)容為:2條HDPE管生產(chǎn)線投資900萬元?1條波紋管生產(chǎn)線投資600萬元?1條UPVC管生產(chǎn)線投資500萬元?2條電工管生產(chǎn)線投資200萬元。1棟辦公樓 ,建筑面積2000平方米,投資250萬元。10% 50HZ用于加熱器及控制系統(tǒng) 單相 220V177。一期上馬3條生產(chǎn)線,投資8000萬元,固定資產(chǎn)投資5000萬元,流動資金3000萬元? 年產(chǎn)值原料:7760元/噸,以直徑600的管材為例,每米約19kg,以目前市場價(jià)位240元/米,年產(chǎn)值41472萬元,年產(chǎn)值15552萬元? 總成本項(xiàng)目全部達(dá)產(chǎn)后:1） 原材料總成本:25488萬元2） 電費(fèi):設(shè)備裝機(jī)容量400KW,實(shí)際耗量300KW,約864萬元?3） 水費(fèi):每小時(shí)用水6噸,?4） 職工工資:職工工資月平均1000元/人,192個(gè)工人全年工資約240萬元?5） 廣告?辦公?差旅等其它費(fèi)用:約1500萬元?6） 總成本:原材料成本+水費(fèi)+電費(fèi)+職工工資+其它費(fèi),約28112萬元?一期3條生產(chǎn)線建成運(yùn)營后:1） 材料總成本:9558萬元2） 電費(fèi):約324萬元?3） 水費(fèi):約8萬元?4） 職工工資:約86萬元?5） 廣告?辦公?差旅等其它費(fèi)用:約700萬元?6） 總成本:原材料成本+水費(fèi)+電費(fèi)+職工工資+其它費(fèi),約10676萬元? 銷售稅金項(xiàng)目全部達(dá)產(chǎn)后:增值稅=(年產(chǎn)值總成本)*%=附加稅=增值稅*12%=233萬元銷售稅金=增值稅+附加稅=一期建成后:增值稅:,附加稅:85萬元,銷售稅金:? 利潤項(xiàng)目全部達(dá)產(chǎn)后:利潤=銷售收入總成本稅金=一期建成運(yùn)營后:利潤:九?環(huán)保本項(xiàng)目在生產(chǎn)中無廢液?廢氣?廢渣排放,不對環(huán)境造成污染,無任何環(huán)保問題?十?結(jié)論在市政排污及污水處理工程中,淘汰水泥管和混凝土管是環(huán)保和國民生活的迫切要求?推廣使用塑料排水管是“十一五”期間建設(shè)工業(yè)發(fā)展的重要任務(wù),大口徑雙壁波紋管因其性能價(jià)格優(yōu)于其它幾種塑料管村,在歐洲?韓國?日本?美國?加拿大等地已得到驗(yàn)證?投資HKPE雙壁波紋管設(shè)備,市場潛力巨大,產(chǎn)品附加值高,符合中國國情及產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,投資回收期短,是不可多得的新興投資熱點(diǎn)?18until the time of the late Qing Dynasty. There men did most of the important early work on dictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. For them, it wasn’t only a job。 Murray had never been to college. At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. Later he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one meter underground. In winter it felt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o’clock and worked several hours before breakfast. Often he would work by the candle ligh