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legal, political, economic, sociocultural, and environmentalconditions affecting planning and design. The relationship of urbandesign to public policy, with particular expertise in economics andpolitics, is supported by several joint professorships between theGraduate School of Design and the John F. Kennedy School ofGovernment. Other joint appointments between the Faculty of Designand the Faculty of Arts and Sciences address the history ofdevelopment of cities and landscapes.紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)都市科技中心Founded in 1995, the Centre for Urban Technology (CUT)is one of six research centres within the University of Newcastlesnew School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape. The School wascreated in August 1999, from the merger of the former Departments ofTown and Country Planning and Architecture.Wayne州立大學(xué)地理及城市規(guī)劃系The field of Urban Planning is extremely diverse.Professional planners are employed by local governments and regionalagencies to manage and direct change in urban areas. The plannersobjective is to help ensure improved future conditions whether theyare working in growing or declining urban areas. Planners mayspecialize in a substantive area, such as housing, transportation,or recreation, but generally they are removed from operatingresponsibilities for specific programs.美國伊利諾州大學(xué)都市及區(qū)域計(jì)劃系The career of the professional planner is ademanding one, requiring the analytical abilities and technicalpetence of the scientist and the vision and creativity of thecontemporary entrepreneur. Addressing such problems as munitydevelopment or solid waste disposal, planners concern themselveswith the social, economic, and ecological implications of land andits development for human settlement. Planners are problem solvers。 they are leaders for an improvedquality of life.華盛頓大學(xué)建筑與都市計(jì)劃學(xué)院The University of Washington was among the countrysearliest institutions when, in 1936, it established the . degreein Regional Planning. At the time, a national planning consciousnesswas emerging based on factors such as the municipal reform movement,concerns about building better munities and lifting them aboveprevailing, haphazard, and crowded conditions, and civic ideals fromrecent worlds fairs for creating graceful coherent urban places inAmerica.美國阿拉巴馬Aamp。M University as a land grant institution through qualityinstructions, applied research and public service.Australian Academy of Science澳大利亞科學(xué)院城市規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)現(xiàn)代技術(shù) 國家專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室美國堡爾州立大學(xué)建筑與規(guī)劃學(xué)院美國天主教大學(xué)建筑與規(guī)劃學(xué)院美國麻省理工學(xué)院建筑與規(guī)劃學(xué)院摩根州立大學(xué)建筑與規(guī)劃學(xué)院紐約州立大學(xué)水牛城分校建筑與規(guī)劃系科羅拉多大學(xué)堡德分校建筑與規(guī)劃系科羅拉多大學(xué)丹佛分校建筑與規(guī)劃學(xué)院新墨