[法學]國際法的承認與繼承課件-在線瀏覽
2025-03-08 13:52本頁面
【正文】 ognized that states themselves may take selfhelp measures, either through diplomatic means or through the use of force in selfdefense. ? 有無專門的執(zhí)法機關實施法律，制裁違法者也不是法律成為法律的必要條件。如受害國可以采取報復手段對加害國進行制裁，在戰(zhàn)爭權被廢除之前，甚至可以對違法者宣戰(zhàn)。 ? Second: international law regulates the international relations, especially the relations of sovereign states.. ? 第二，國際法的調整對象是國際關系，主要是主權國家之間的關系。 international law can be created by its own subjects, primarily the independent states, for their own purposes. ? 第三，國際法的制定主要是通過國家之間的協議來實現的，國際社會沒有專門的立法機關。 ) ? Forth: although, there is no judicial anization and administrative anization on the international plane, international law can be applied by its own subjects. States themselves may take selfhelp measures, either through diplomatic means or through the use of force in selfdefense, to enjoy their rights and enforce their obligations.. ? 第四，在強制實施方面，國際法也與國內法不同。 )而國際法則沒有這樣居于國家之上的強制機關。 )國際法的外在強制主要靠國家自己按照國際法，采取個別或者集體的行動，包括要求違背國際義務、違反國際法的國家承擔國家責任，實行報復、進行自衛(wèi) 。 ? while the positivist school looked state practice as the source of international law, seeking the basis of this law in the consent of the statesits subjects. ? The positivist scholars addressed the view that international law as law depended upon the sovereign consent of the states prising the international munity. 自然法學派和實在法學派 學派 時間 代表人物 觀點 自然法學派 早期 (德 ) 普芬道夫 自然法 人類良知 社會連帶學派 一戰(zhàn)后 (美 ) 龐德 社會連帶關系 各民族的法律良知 規(guī)范法學派 一戰(zhàn)后 (美 ) 凱爾遜 原始規(guī)范法律規(guī)范倫理規(guī)范 約定必須遵守 實在法學派 19 世紀 (英 ) 邊沁 國家意志 共同意志與強國意志 權力政治學 20 世紀 (英 ) 奧本海 國際政治 國家權力 勢力均衡 折中學派 早期 (荷 ) 格老秀斯 自然法＋國家意志 中國學派 20 世紀 (中 ) 王鐵崖 互相依存 和平共處 各國意志的協議 The relationship between International law and domestic law ? The main question is whether international law and municipal law are part of a universal legal order or whether they form two distinct systems of law. Historically, there have been two schools of thought. ? Monism considers international law and municipal law to be part of a universal legal order. Since they operate in the same sphere of influence and are concerned with the same subject matter, they e into conflict. ? Where a conflict does arise, it is municipal law that prevails. While some other scholars argue that where a conflict does arise, it is international law
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