【正文】 p in several different states because VC++ remembers and automatically reopens the project and files in use the last time it exited. What we want right now is a state where it has no project or code loaded. If the program starts with a dialog that says it was unable to find a certain file, clear the dialog by clicking the No button. Go to the Window menu and select the Close All option if it is available. Go to the File menu and select the Close option if it is available to close any remaining windows. Now you are at the proper starting point. 沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (外文翻譯 ) 8 If you have just installed the package, you will see a window that looks something like this: This screen can be rather intimidating the first time you see it. To eliminate some of the intimidation, click on the lower of the two x buttons ( ) that you see in the upper right hand corner of the screen if it is available. This action will let you close the InfoViewer Topic window. If you want to get rid of the InfoViewer toolbar as well, you can drag it so it docks somewhere along the side of the window, or close it and later get it back by choosing the Customize option in the Tools menu. What you see now is normal. Along the top is the menu bar and several toolbars. Along the left side are all of the topics available from the online book collection (you might want to explore by double clicking on several of the items you see there the collection of information found in the online books is gigantic). Along the bottom is a status window where various messages will be displayed. Now what? What you would like to do is type in the above program, pile it and run it. Before you start, switch to the File Manager (or the MSDOS prompt) and make sure your drive has at least five megabytes of free space available. Then take the following steps. Creating a Project and Compiling the Code In order to pile any code in Visual C++, you have to create a project. With a very small program like this the project seems like overkill, but in any real program the project 沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (外文翻譯 ) 9 concept is quite useful. A project holds three different types of information: It remembers all of the source code files that bine together to create one executable. In this simple example, the file will be the only source file, but in larger applications you often break the code up into several different files to make it easier to understand (and also to make it possible for several people to work on it simultaneously). The project maintains a list of the different source files and piles all of them as necessary each time you want to create a new executable. It remembers piler and linker options particular to this specific application. For example, it remembers which libraries to link into the executable, whether or not you want to use prepiled headers, and so on. It remembers what type of project you wish to build: a console application, a windows application, etc. If you are familiar with makefiles, then it is easy to think of a project as a machinegenerated makefile that has a very easytounderstand user interface to manipulate it. For now we will create a very simple project file and use it to pile . To create a new project for , choose the New option in the File menu. Under the Projects tab, highlight Win32 Application. In the Location field type an appropriate path name or click the Browse button. Type the word hello in for the project name, and you will see that word echoed in the Location field as well. Click the OK button. In the next window, use the default selection An empty project, click Finish, then click OK once more in the next window. Notice there is an option for the typical Hello World application, however it skips a few important steps you are about to take. Visual C++ will create a new subdirectory named HELLO and place the project files named , , , and in that directory. If you quit and later want to reopen the project, doubleclick on . The area along the left side of the screen will now change so that three tabs are available. The InfoView tab is still there, but there is now also a ClassView and a FileView tab. The ClassView tab will show you a list of all of the classes in your application and the FileView tab gives you a list of all of the files in the project. Now it is time to type in the code for the program. In the File menu select the New option to create a new editor window. In the dialog that appears, make sure the Files tab is 沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (外文翻譯 ) 10 active and request a C++ Source File. Make sure the Add to Project option is checked for Project hello, and enter hello for File name. Visual C++ es with its own intelligent C++ editor, and you will use it to enter the program shown above. Type (copy/paste) the code in the listing into the editor window. You will find that the editor automatically colors different pieces of text such as ments, key words, string literals, and so on. If you want to change the colors or turn the coloring off, go to the Options option in the Tools menu, choose the Format tab and select the Source Windows option from the left hand list. If there is some aspect of the editor that displeases you, you may be able to change it using the Editor tab of the Options dialog. After you have finished entering the code, save the file by selecting the Save option in the File menu. Save it to a file named in the new directory Visual C++ created. In the area on the left side of the screen, click the FileView tab and expand the tree on the icon labeled hello files, then expand the tree on the folder icon labeled Source Files. You will see the file named . Click on the ClassView tab and expand the hello classes tree and you will see the classes in the application. You can remove a file from a project