管理哲學(xué)專題ppt課件-在線瀏覽
2025-02-27 22:30本頁(yè)面
【正文】 stematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question ? Collective evidence ? Produces findings that were not determined in advance ? Produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study What is qualitative research? 定性研究的涵義 廣義 ： ‘以 研究者本人 作為研究工具，在自然情境下采用多種資料收集方法，對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行整體性探究，主要使用 歸納法 分析資料和形成理論，通過與研究對(duì)象 互動(dòng) ，對(duì)其行為和意義建構(gòu)獲得 解釋性理解 的一種活動(dòng)’ . 狹義 ： 定性研究是一種探索性的研究，它通過一些方法獲得人們的想法、感受等方面較為深層反應(yīng)的信息，主要用于了解目標(biāo)人群，有關(guān)態(tài)度、信念、動(dòng)機(jī)、定位等有關(guān)問題。 ? An epistemological assumption, that knowledge is only of significance if it is based on observation of this external reality. 實(shí)證主義的研究觀點(diǎn) ? Independence； ? Valuefreedom； ? Causality； ? Hypothesis and deduction； ? Reductionism； ? Generalization； ? Crosssectional analysis. Social Constructionism The key idea of social constructionism is that ?reality? is determined by people rather than by objective and external factors. Hence the task of social scientist should not be to gather facts and measure how often certain patterns occur, but to appreciate the difference constructions and meanings that people place upon their experience. Contrasting implication of positivism and social constructionism Positivism Social Constructionism The observer Must be independent Is part of what is being observed Human interests Should be irrelevant Are the main drivers of science Explanations Must demonstrate causality Aim to increase general understanding of the situation Units of analysis Should be reduced to simplest terms May include the plex of ‘whole’ situation Generalization through Statistical probability Theoretical abstraction Sampling requires Large numbers selected randomly Small numbers of cases chosen for specific reasons Qualitative research methods ? Participant observation (參與者觀察 ) ? document analysis（實(shí)物分析） ? Indepth interviews（深度訪談） ? Focus groups（焦點(diǎn)小組） 收集定性研究的數(shù)據(jù)的形式：現(xiàn)場(chǎng)記錄（ field notes） , audio and sometimes video (音頻或視頻 )， recording (錄音 )， transcripts (筆錄 )。 Use high structured methods as questionnaires, surveys, and structured observation. Flexible。按照定量分析的方法，比如調(diào)查或者問卷，研究者會(huì)按照一致的順序來問所有的被調(diào)查者設(shè)計(jì)好的問題。 ? 研究者和被試之間的關(guān)系在定性研究較為非正式。 ? 需要注意的是，定性和定量研究都需要掌握靈活性的度，來保證研究的科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。 ? 采訪者應(yīng)該是調(diào)查手段的一部分， 而且采訪者應(yīng)該有專業(yè)的技能對(duì)付任何突然的情況。 Qualification criteria for the interviewer ?Knowledgeable； ?Structuring； ?Clear； ?Gentle； ?Steering； ?Critical； ?Interpreting . Types of topics in Questions ? Behaviours— 一個(gè)人或者一組人的行為，做過什么，正在做什么 ? Opinions/values— 對(duì)于某個(gè)話題，某個(gè)人
公司管理相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1