【正文】 C. each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys parative advantage. D. neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoys parative advantage. E. both countries will want to specialize in cloth. 16. In a two product two country world, international trade can lead to increases in A. consumer welfare only if output of both products is increased. B. output of both products and consumer welfare in both countries. C. total production of both products but not consumer welfare in both countries D. consumer welfare in both countries but not total production of both products. E. None of the above. 17. As a result of trade, specialization in the Ricardian model tends to be A. plete with constant costs and with increasing costs. B. plete with constant costs and inplete with increasing costs. C. inplete with constant costs and plete with increasing costs. D. inplete with constant costs and inplete with increasing costs. E. None of the above. 18. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundle A. inside its production possibilities frontier. B. on its production possibilities frontier. C. outside its production possibilities frontier. D. inside its tradepartner39。s production possibilities frontier. 19. In the Ricardian model, if a country39。s wage level is very high relative to the other39。s wage level is very high relative to the other39。s original theory of parative advantage seemed of limited realworld value because it was founded on the A. labor theory of value. B. capital theory of value. C. land theory of value. D. entrepreneur theory of value. E. None of the above. 8 32. According to Ricardo, a country will have a parative advantage in the product in which its A. labor productivity is relatively low. B. labor productivity is relatively high. C. labor mobility is relatively low. D. labor mobility is relatively high. E. None of the above. 33. In a twocountry, twoproduct world, the statement Germany enjoys a parative advantage over France in autos relative to ships is equivalent to A. France having a parative advantage over Germany in ships. B. France having a parative disadvantage pared to Germany in autos and ships. C. Germany having a parative advantage over France in autos and ships. D. France having no parative advantage over Germany. E. None of the above. 34. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as pared to Japan if A. . labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan39。s was 20. C. . labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan39。s 25 units per hour. E. None of the above. 35. If the United States’ production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany39。 production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany39。 production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany39。s production possibility frontier. b. What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas? c. In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? Why? 2. Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign, with a labor force of 800. Foreign39。s production possibility frontier. b. Construct the world relative supply curve. 3. Now suppose world relative demand takes the following form: Demand for apples / demand for bananas = price of bananas / price of apples a. Graph the relative demand curve along with the relative supply curve. b. What is the equilibrium relative price of apples? c. Describe the pattern of trade. d. Show that both Home and Foreign gain from trade. 4. Suppose that instead of 1200 workers, Home had 2400. Find the equilibrium relative price. What can you say about the efficiency of world production and the division of the gains from trade between Home and Foreign in this case? 5. Suppose that Home has 2400 workers, but they are only half as productive in both industries as we have been assuming. Construct the world relative supply curve and determine the equilibrium relative price. How do the gains from trade pare with those in the case described in problem 4? 6. “ Korean workers earn only $ an hour。 8. 用標準的李嘉圖假設(shè)，分析如下模型： 表 1 單位產(chǎn)品勞動投入 奶酪 葡萄酒 本國 aLC = 10 小時 /磅 aLW = 15 小時 /加侖 外國 aLC * = 4 小時 /磅 aLW * = 10 小時 /加侖 假設(shè)本國共擁有 3000 萬工時的勞動量，而外國共有 2022 萬工時的勞動量。用每種產(chǎn)品表示，就是指一個工人用他1 小時勞動的報酬所能買到的該產(chǎn)品的單位數(shù)量。請結(jié)合以下表格回答下列問題。假定有許多國家能生產(chǎn)兩種產(chǎn)品，每個國家都只有一種生產(chǎn)要素：勞動。這句話對嗎？請評論。如果 X 的國際相對價格為 2，該國的進口數(shù)量為 2022 個單位，試確定該國的出口量，并在圖中畫出貿(mào)易三角形。 15 Chapter 5: Specific Factors and Ine Distribution Multiple Choice Questions 1. International trade has strong effects on ine distributions. Therefore, international trade A. is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries. B. will tend to hurt one trading country. C. will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country. D. will tend to hurt everyone in both countries. E. will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade. 2. Factors tend to be specific to certain uses and products A. in countries lacking parative advantage. B. in the short run. C. in capitalintensive industries. D. in laborintensive industries. E. in countries lacking fair labor laws. 3. In an economy described by the Specific Factors Model, the production possibility frontier will be A. linear. B. concave to the origin. C. convex to the origin. D. parabolic with one root. E. collapsed to a point. 4. At the point of production, the production possibility frontier will be tangent to A. the origin. B. a line whose slope