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土壤管理ppt課件-在線瀏覽

2025-02-26 08:51本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 節(jié)耕層三相比,創(chuàng)造深厚的耕層和適宜的苗床 To adjust the waterairsolid proportion in topsoil;Creating deep tilth and suitable seed bed.? 除滅雜草 To kill weeds.? 翻轉(zhuǎn)耕層,翻埋殘茬和肥料 To bury crop stubbles and fertilizers. 改變土壤耕層構(gòu)造和地面狀況,調(diào)節(jié)土壤水、肥、氣、熱因素,翻埋 根茬和肥料,清除田間雜草,控制土傳病害,調(diào)節(jié)土壤微生物區(qū)系,為作物播種、出苗和生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育提供適宜的土壤環(huán)境。– The physical condition of the soil– fitness for cultivationHow is good soil tilth developed?如何創(chuàng)造適宜的耕層 適時(shí)、適法、 適度耕作 till at proper time, proper method and proper frequency to maintain proper aggregation.? Too wet during tillage makes soil lumpy, too dry during tillage makes soil too fine and likely to blow。 Place where seeds germinate amp。– dark soils absorb light, warm up quicker。 in dry areas leave residue耕作機(jī)具的作用1. 松碎土壤 to loosen the soil2. 翻轉(zhuǎn)耕層 to turn over the soil3. 混拌土壤 to blend the soil4. 平整地面 to flatten the soil surface5. 壓緊土壤 to pact the soil6. 開溝、培壟、打埂、做畦 to make furrow and ridges 土壤耕作的作用是通過(guò)機(jī)具的運(yùn)用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,因此,土壤耕作的效果和效率取決于機(jī)具的性能。一般在種植作物播種之前進(jìn)行?! ?yōu)點(diǎn) :土壤松碎,利于翻埋有機(jī)肥和秸稈殘茬,雜草、病菌?! ?技術(shù)要點(diǎn) :翻耕方法(全翻、半翻、分層翻),時(shí)期,深度。翻 耕全翻垡:垡片翻轉(zhuǎn) 180o半翻垡:垡片翻轉(zhuǎn) 135o分層翻垡:上層垡片翻轉(zhuǎn) 180o ,下層垡片翻轉(zhuǎn) 135o翻 耕 plowing 翻耕是世界上應(yīng)用最廣的土壤耕作措施,消耗的動(dòng)力也最多。翻 耕 plowing耕作措施 畝耗油( kg) 作業(yè)效率(畝/小時(shí))翻耕 20- 25 cm 11深松 30- 35 cm 0. 68 What is Hardpan?什么是犁底層? Compacted soil layer below the soil surface? created by continuous tillage at the same depth.How can hardpan be corrected?如何消除犁底層Use a subsoiler.使用心土犁?! ?yōu)點(diǎn) :? 不亂土層,減少跑墑和因耕作造成的土壤侵蝕,特別適合旱地、丘陵、土層薄和白漿土地區(qū) ;? 可間隔深松,虛實(shí)結(jié)合;作用深度大,可打破犁底層;? 耗能少,成本低;可分散在不同時(shí)期進(jìn)行,不必集中作業(yè);? 鹽堿地深松可保持脫鹽位置不動(dòng),減輕鹽堿危害?! ?技術(shù)
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