英語國家概況-america-在線瀏覽
2025-02-25 12:15本頁面
【正文】 holds.” 這就是美國人，他把所有過去的偏見和習俗拋在腦后，而從他所熱愛的新的生活方式，他所依附的新政府，他享有的心地位中接受新的一套。 “ The American is a new man, who acts upon new principles。 The first longcontinuing immigration 第一次人口遷移運動 Time: 25 000 years ago 25000年前 People: Siberians from Asia 亞洲西伯利亞人 Route: across Bering Strait 越過白令海峽 Results: later called Indians developed their own culture——the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas 后來被稱為印第安人 的人們發(fā)展了自己的土著文化 ——阿茲臺克文化（墨 西哥地區(qū)）、印加文化（秘魯?shù)貐^(qū)）及瑪雅文化（中 美洲）。 In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage. He landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and thus “discovery” the New 1492年，他說服了西班牙皇室支持他的航行。 Based on his voyage, the Spanish King claimed the territory of the Americas and established a huge empire, grabbed enormous wealth from the ，西班牙國王宣稱美洲為其領土，并建立強大的西班牙王國，從印第安人那剝奪巨大財富。他航行到達了今天的加拿大，于是英王宣稱整個北美大陸屬英國所有。 Great social changes in Europe (end of the Middle Ages and Feudal System) 歐洲巨大的社會變化（中世紀和封建制度的消亡） 1. Economic changes the development of capitalism and emergence of new social groups 經(jīng)濟變化 —— 資本主義的發(fā)展和新的社會力量的出現(xiàn) 2. Cultural changes the Renaissance 文化變化 —— 文藝復興 3. Spiritual changes the Religious Reformation 精神變化 —— 宗教改革運動 The growth of capitalism produced two new class 資本主義的發(fā)展及兩大階級的產(chǎn)生 The bourgeois class 資產(chǎn)階級 The working class工人階級 Increasingly powerful in politics and economy在政治經(jīng)濟領域力量日漸強大 Eager to share more power with feudal lords希望能與封建主分享更多的權利 Three pioneers in the Religious Reformation 宗教改革中的三個領袖 Martin Luther 馬丁 .路德 John Calvin 約翰 .加爾文 King Henry VII 英王亨利七世 In 1517, Martin Luther, a German theology professor, started to reform the Catholic Church which had dominated Europe for centuries. He challenged the authority of the Pope and attacked the practice of the sale of indulgences. He believed that people could be saved only by their faith in Jesus Christ and through a direct contact with God. The Religious Reformation, which was capitalistic in nature, had great impact on the modern development of Europe and north America. 馬丁 .路德，德國神學院教授，在 1517年，他對統(tǒng)治歐洲數(shù)世紀的羅馬天主教進行了改革。他認為對人類靈魂的救贖只能通過對基督耶酥的信仰，通過個人與上帝的直接聯(lián)系獲得拯救。 The Renaissance was marked by a changing outlook on life. The Godcentered world was chal
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