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r more other elements. ? 由兩種或兩種以上的金屬或金屬與非金屬經(jīng)一定方法所合成的具有金屬特性的物質(zhì)。m230。gr230。1 Unit 6 An Introduction to Metallic Materials 2 We should grasp… ? What is a metal? ? What is an alloy? ? What are the differences between their properities? ? Explain solid solution and intermetallic pound. 3 New Words amp。 Expressions from Part1 ? roam[r?um] ? graphite[39。fait] ? malleable[39。li?bl] ? ductile[?d?ktail] ? soluble[?s?ljubl] ? chromium[?kr?umj?m] ? transition[tr230。 8 ? Its some properties: less malleable and ductile than pure metals and tend to have lower to melting points. ? 合金的一些性質(zhì):延展性較差,低熔點(diǎn)。 ? 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的不同,合金主要類型是: ? (1)混合物合金:當(dāng)液態(tài)合金凝固時,構(gòu)成合金的各組分分別結(jié)晶而成的合金,如焊錫; ? (2)固熔體合金當(dāng)液態(tài)合金凝固時形成固溶體的合金,如金銀合金; ? (3)金屬互化物合金:各組分相互形成化合物的合金,如銅、鋅組成的黃銅。利用合金的這一特性,可以制造高電阻和高熱阻材料。 ? (4)有的抗腐蝕能力強(qiáng) (如不銹鋼 ) ? 常見合金: 球墨鑄鐵、錳鋼、不銹鋼、黃銅、青銅、白銅、焊錫、硬鋁、 18K黃金、 18K白金。 ( 2) 如果合金組元的負(fù)電性相差很大,固溶度就極??; ( 3) 兩元素的固溶度與它們的原子價有關(guān),高價元素在低價元素中的固溶度大于低價元素在高價元素中的固溶度; ( 4) Ⅱ B~ Ⅴ B族溶質(zhì)元素在 Ⅰ B族溶劑元素中的固溶度都相同 (e/a=),與具體的元素種類無關(guān); ( 5) 兩組元只有具有相同的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)才能形成無限 (或連續(xù) )固溶體。 25 ? the chemical formula of an ionic pound , like NaCl or Al2O3 can be predicted easily from the pound?s position in the periodic table ,this is not the case for many intermetallic pounds. ? 換句話說,盡管像氯化鈉,氧化鋁的價鍵可以通過他們在元素周期表的位置進(jìn)行預(yù)測,但卻不能解釋合金中金屬元素的成健方式。 27 contrast,this dosen?t explain why a carbide with a formula Cr23C6 is formed in stainless steels. 然而,這卻解釋不了 Cr23C6在鋼鐵中的成健方式。 31 ? 8. This in turn,prevents the formation of a protective layer of Cr2O3 on the surface of the stainless steel and so the stainless steel is no longer stainless,but instead suffers from catastrophic localized corrosion. ? 這樣,就保護(hù)了鋼鐵表面氧化鉻保護(hù)層的結(jié)構(gòu),從而鋼鐵不再是單純的鐵,而是可以抗局部嚴(yán)重腐蝕的物質(zhì)。 33 ? is one nickel atom and one aluminum atom in NiAl and the valency of nickel is two and that of aluminum is that (2+3)/2= this doesn?t seem like valence electons per atom . ? 一個鎳原子和一個鋁原子構(gòu)成了 NiAl,從價鍵理論看,鎳是二價,鋁是三價。 82: 3d 4sNi 23: 3 3Al s p34 ? ,as a transition metal ,nickel is able to act as if it does nor have a valency by “hiding”electrons in the emply states in the , effecti