【正文】 （一） 恒電壓法（簡(jiǎn)稱 CVT） 中南大學(xué)選修課《新能源概論》期末論文 中南大學(xué)文學(xué)院穆昱帆 溫度一定時(shí)，在不同的日照強(qiáng)度下，太陽能電池陣列輸出曲線的最大功率點(diǎn)基本是分布在一條垂直線的附近，因此只要保持太陽能電池陣列輸出電壓為常數(shù)且等于某一日照強(qiáng)度下太陽能電池陣列最大功率點(diǎn)的電壓，就可以大致保證在該溫度下太陽能電池陣列輸出最大功率。然而恒電壓法忽略了太陽能 電池溫度對(duì)太陽能電池陣列最大功率點(diǎn)的影響，一般硅太陽能電池的開路電壓都在較大程度上受結(jié)溫影響，以常規(guī)單晶硅太陽能電池而言，當(dāng)太陽能電池溫度每升高 1℃時(shí)，其開路電壓下降率約為 %%，這說明太陽能電池的最大功率點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的電壓也隨電池溫度的變化而變化，其中對(duì)太陽能電池溫度影響最大的因素是環(huán)境溫度和日照強(qiáng)度。研究結(jié)果表明，雖然許多太陽能光伏系統(tǒng)仍然采用這種最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤方法，但這種方式所帶來的功 率損耗相比于微電子技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展及微電子器件的大幅度降價(jià)，已經(jīng)顯得很不經(jīng)濟(jì)。然后，通過比較干擾周期前后太陽能電池陣列的輸出功率，如果輸出功率增加，那么繼續(xù)按照上一周期的方向繼續(xù)“干擾”過程，如果檢中南大學(xué)選修課《新能源概論》期末論文 中南大學(xué)文學(xué)院穆昱帆 測(cè)到輸出功率減少，則改變“干擾”的方向。但是 即使在某一周期太陽能電池陣列運(yùn)行在最大功率點(diǎn)，由于擾動(dòng)的存在，下一周期太陽能電池陣列運(yùn)行點(diǎn)又會(huì)偏離最大功率點(diǎn)，因此太陽能電池陣列實(shí)際是在最大功率點(diǎn)附近振蕩運(yùn)行，從而導(dǎo)致部分功率損失 。另外，當(dāng)外部環(huán)境突然變化，太陽能電池陣列從一個(gè)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行狀態(tài)變換到另一個(gè)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的過程中，會(huì)出現(xiàn)誤判現(xiàn)象。由太陽能電池陣列輸出電氣特性知，太陽能電池陣列的輸出功率 電壓 (PV)曲線是一個(gè)單峰曲線，在最大功率點(diǎn)處，功率對(duì)電壓的導(dǎo)數(shù)為零。增量電導(dǎo)法的缺點(diǎn)是 :太陽能電池陣列可能存在一個(gè)局部的最大功率點(diǎn)，這種算法可能導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定在一個(gè)局部的最大功率點(diǎn) 。步長太長，又會(huì)使系統(tǒng)振蕩加劇，影響跟蹤精度。 中南大學(xué)選修課《新能源概論》期末論文 中南大學(xué)文學(xué)院穆昱帆 結(jié)束語 隨著煤炭、石油和天然氣等化石燃料迅速消耗，以及由此帶來的能源危機(jī)與環(huán)境污染日益加劇，近年來世界各國都在積極尋找和開發(fā)新的、清潔、安全可靠的可再生能源。 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代后，太陽能光伏發(fā)電在世界范圍內(nèi)受到高度重視并取得 了長足進(jìn)展。太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的研究對(duì)于緩解能源危機(jī)、減少環(huán)境污染以及減小溫室效應(yīng)具有重要的意義。 （ 3） 通過對(duì)目前太陽能離網(wǎng)型光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)常用 DC/DC 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的研究，總結(jié)了各種 DC 心 C 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 （ 4） 為了使此離網(wǎng)型光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)能夠向交流負(fù)載供電，添加了逆變電路，并對(duì)逆變電路進(jìn)行了仿真。 [2] 太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與施工 /（日）太陽光伏發(fā)電協(xié)會(huì)編，劉樹民， 宏偉譯， 2021 [3] 太陽能光伏發(fā)電及其應(yīng) 用 /趙爭(zhēng)鳴等編著 . 2021 [4] 錢伯章 .世界能源消費(fèi)現(xiàn)狀和可再生能源的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) (上 )[J]，節(jié)能與環(huán)保 . 2021(3) [5] 王飛，余世杰，蘇建徽，沈玉梁 .太陽能光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的研究[J].電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào) . 2021 (5) [6] 周延， PWM 光伏逆變電源 DCDC 電路及最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤技術(shù)的研究 [D]. 山東 大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論 2021. [7] 趙宏，潘俊民 .基于 BOOST電路的光伏電池最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤系統(tǒng)〔 J〕 .電力電子技術(shù)， 2021(6). [8] 歐陽名三，余世杰，沈玉梁，王飛，蘇建徽，趙為，夏小虎 .具有最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤功能的戶用光伏充電系統(tǒng)的研究 [J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào) 2021 (6) [9] 趙庚申，王慶章 .最大功率跟蹤控制在光伏 系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 [J].光電子 .激光， 2021 (8). [10] 歐陽名三 .獨(dú)立光伏系統(tǒng)中蓄電池管理的研究 [D].合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)博士論文， 2021. [11] 朱小同，趙桂先 .蓄電池快速充電的原理與實(shí)踐 .北京 :煤炭工業(yè)出版社 , 1996 中南大學(xué)選修課《新能源概論》期末論文 中南大學(xué)文學(xué)院穆昱帆 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。。?Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the sevenday Chinese 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O謝謝！?。?National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may bee more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and acmodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also mon that you39。s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it39。s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。s Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their homegrown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentine39。s Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark