【正文】
越 軸中應(yīng)該注意的幾個問題 ( 1) 要考慮場景空間存在的可能性。 ( 3) 應(yīng)考慮鏡頭排列組合的合理性,不要造成不必要的視覺阻斷。 建立新的軸線 掌握:蒙太奇的基本含義、類型 蒙太奇的基本含義 在電影制作中,按照劇本或影片所要表現(xiàn)的主題和 情節(jié),分別拍成許多鏡頭(畫面);然后再按照原定創(chuàng)作的構(gòu)思,把這些不同鏡頭(畫面)有機(jī)地、聯(lián)想、襯托、懸念及各種節(jié)奏功效,從而組成一部能完整地反映生活、表達(dá)主題,并為觀眾所理解的影片。 蒙太奇的藝術(shù)內(nèi)涵,概括說來大約有以下三個方面或?qū)哟危菏紫?,蒙太奇是影視藝術(shù)獨(dú)特的形象思維方式。再次,蒙太奇是影視藝術(shù)最重要的剪輯技巧手段。蒙太奇并不是影視藝術(shù)的一切,但它卻是影視藝術(shù)最重要的組成部分。 1. 隱 喻蒙太奇 一、 蒙太奇與長鏡頭 (一) 長鏡頭學(xué)派(場面調(diào)度派) (二) 場面調(diào)度 1. 場面調(diào)度的概念 場面調(diào)度一詞來自法語,原指舞臺上處理演員表演活動位置的技巧。 戲劇調(diào)度與電影調(diào)度的含義不同: 首先,戲劇調(diào)度是舞臺設(shè)計而言的,場面調(diào)度只局限在舞臺有限的空間內(nèi);而電影調(diào)度是銀幕畫面設(shè)計而言的,就電影畫框的外形來說比舞臺空間要小,但其場面調(diào)度的內(nèi)涵,無論是在平面上還是在立體上都比戲劇擴(kuò)大了許多。 再次,兩者的內(nèi)容不同。 所謂鏡頭調(diào)度,就是導(dǎo)演利用攝影機(jī)位的變化,形成的推、拉、移、升、降、旋等運(yùn)動方式;利用鏡頭角度的不同,造成平、俯、仰、斜、正、側(cè)、逆等視角;利用景別的變換構(gòu)成遠(yuǎn)、全、中、近、特寫等鏡頭畫面,從而展示人物關(guān)系、情緒以及環(huán)境氣氛的變化。 通常情況下,電影的這兩個調(diào)度 層次是相互結(jié)合運(yùn)用的。 ( 5) 象征場面調(diào)度 ( 6) 對比場面調(diào)度 (三) 蒙太奇學(xué)派與長鏡頭學(xué)派的區(qū)別 ( 論述題 ) P96 蒙太奇學(xué)派 :首先是從主觀的思考出發(fā),然后結(jié)合對生活的客觀觀察確定構(gòu)思方案。也就是說,蒙太奇學(xué)派主張的是一種主觀的、寫意的藝術(shù),講求對鏡頭的分切與組合,它的核心是“形象的隊列”。它呈現(xiàn)給觀眾的視覺形象是長鏡頭,著重于寫實(shí)的表現(xiàn)。 需要指出的是,蒙太奇與長鏡頭雖然存在著這些重要的差異,是兩種相互對立的理論、學(xué)說或流派,但兩者之間也存在著相互滲透、相互借鑒和相互融合。蒙太奇與長鏡頭的各自完善與深化,尤 其是將兩者融為一體運(yùn)用(即長短鏡頭相結(jié)合的運(yùn)用)的逐步推廣,將電影創(chuàng)作的總體水平提升到一個新的高度。( 2)人物事件關(guān)系的邏輯。 (二) 景別的變化規(guī)律 前進(jìn)式蒙太奇句型、后退式蒙太奇句型、環(huán)形蒙太奇句型 (三) 遵守軸線規(guī)律 (四) 使剪輯點(diǎn)流暢 1. 畫面剪接點(diǎn) 動作剪輯點(diǎn)、情緒剪輯點(diǎn)、節(jié)奏剪輯點(diǎn) 2. 聲音剪接點(diǎn) 語言剪接點(diǎn)、音樂剪接點(diǎn)、音響剪接點(diǎn) (五) 符合“動接動”、“靜接靜”的 規(guī)律 1. 動接動 二、 畫面的分剪、挖剪、拼剪、變格剪輯(選擇題) (一) 分剪(簡答題:什么是分剪?) 分剪是指將一個鏡頭分成兩個鏡頭或兩個以上的鏡頭使用。( 2)調(diào)整不合理的時空關(guān)系。( 4)增強(qiáng)節(jié)奏感。 where dinner and afternoon tea are available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees. Yuanmingyuan Road behind the plex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and highend brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for mercial fashion photo shoots. New Tian’an Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2 007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filledin and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place that’s more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot of movies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their prewedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soontobewed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for prewedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British pany, the 106meterlong bridge was the firstever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to plaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been