【正文】 be created with any text editor, such as Notepad or Wordpad, using Microsoft Word (simply save the Word document as a Web page) or any one of several Web page editors. HTML網(wǎng)頁可以使用微軟的 Word或幾種網(wǎng)頁編輯器中任何一種通過本文編輯器生成 ,例如 Notepad(記事本 )或 Wordpad(寫字本 ) (只需把 Word文件保存為一個網(wǎng)頁 )。 XML使網(wǎng)絡文件格式化發(fā)生了一次巨大的飛躍。 XML是像 HTML一樣的一種置標語言，但是它又有非常不同的目的。 HYPERTEXT Chapter 9 The World Wide Web 計算機專業(yè)英語 913 For instance, if you want to send a patient’s medical record—including diagnosis, personal identity, medical history information, and any doctor’s notes—from a database in Boston to a hospital in New York over the Web, it would be impossible using HTML. However, with XML, these rich documents (database records) for patients could be easily sent over the Web and displayed. 比如，如果你想要把一個病人的病歷卡 ——包括診斷、個人身份、病史信息和任何醫(yī)生筆記 ——通過網(wǎng)絡從一個在波士頓的數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)送到位于紐約的一所醫(yī)院，使用 HTML是不可能的。 HYPERTEXT Chapter 9 The World Wide Web 計算機專業(yè)英語 914 XML is “extensible,” which means the tags used to describe and display data are defined by the user, whereas in HTML the tags are limited and predefined. XML can also transform information into new formats, such as by importing information from a database and displaying it as a table. With XML, information can be analyzed and displayed selectively, making it a more powerful alternative to HTML. This means that business firms, or entire industries, can describe all of their invoices, accounts payable, payroll records, and financial information using a Webpatible markup language. Once described, these business documents can be stored on intra Web servers and shared throughout the corporation. XML是 可擴展的 ,意味著用于描述并顯示數(shù)據(jù)的標簽被使用者定義 ,而在 HTML中標簽是有限制的，而且是預先定義的。使用 XML，數(shù)據(jù)能被有選擇性地分析且顯示 ,使它成為比 HTML更有力的可選方案。一旦完成描述 ,這些商業(yè)文件可以被儲存在內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡服務器上并在整個公司共享。當前，只有微軟的 Inter Explorer 5完全支持 XML,而Netscape(網(wǎng)景公司 )不支持 (雖然這種現(xiàn)象可能改變 )。目前 ,XML和 HTML在相同的網(wǎng)頁上并肩工作。 HYPERTEXT Chapter 9 The World Wide Web 計算機專業(yè)英語 916 We have already described client/server puting and the revolution in puting architecture brought about by client/server puting. You already know that a server is a puter attached to a work that stores files, controls peripheral devices, interfaces with the outside world—including the Inter—and does some processing for other puters on the work. 我們已經(jīng)描述了客戶機 /服務器計算技術及其在計算機技術結(jié)構(gòu)中引起的革命。 WEB SERVERS AND CLIENTS Chapter 9 The World Wide Web 計算機專業(yè)英語 917 But what is a Web server? Web server software refers to the software that enables a puter to deliver Web pages written in HTML to client machines on a work that request this service by sending an HTTP request. The two leading brands of Web server software are Apache, which is free Web server shareware that accounts for about 60% of the market, and Microsoft’s NT Server software, which accounts for about 20% of the market. 但什么是網(wǎng)絡服務器？網(wǎng)絡服務器軟件是一種使計算機能夠向網(wǎng)上客戶機傳遞 HTML網(wǎng)頁的軟件，而客戶機通過發(fā)出 HTTP請求申請這種服務。 WEB SERVERS AND CLIENTS Chapter 9 The World Wide Web 計算機專業(yè)英語 918 Aside from responding to requests for Web pages, all Web servers provide some additional basic capabilities such as the following: ?File Transfer Protocol (FTP)—This protocol allows users to transfer files to and from the server. Some sites limit file uploads to the Web server, while others restrict downloads, depending on the user’s identity. 除了回應網(wǎng)頁請求之外，所有的網(wǎng)絡服務器還提供一些附加的基本能力，例如下列各項 : ?文件傳輸協(xié)議 (FTP)——這個協(xié)議允許使用者從服務器來回移動文件。 WEB SERVERS AND CLIENTS Chapter 9 The World Wide Web 計算機專業(yè)英語 919 ?Security services—These consist mainly of authentication services that verify that the person trying to access the site is authorized to do so. For Web sites that process payment transactions, the Web server also supports Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), the Inter protocol for transmitting and receiving information securely over the Inter. When private information such as names, phone numbers, addresses, and credit card data need to be provided to a Web site,