【正文】 能取整數(shù)，設(shè) c* 是使目標(biāo)函數(shù) c 取最小值的點(diǎn)， c*滿足 z(c*1)≤ z(c*)=csc*+cwLs(c*)≤ z(c*+1), Ls=Ls(c) 化簡(jiǎn)得 Ls(c*)Ls(c*+1)≤ cscw≤ Ls(c*1)Ls(c*)(5) 通過計(jì)算機(jī)模擬依次算出 Ls(1),Ls(2),Ls(3),… 相鄰兩項(xiàng)之差，看常數(shù)落在哪兩者之間，從而確定使患者損失費(fèi)用和醫(yī)院服務(wù)成本之和達(dá)到最優(yōu)化服務(wù)臺(tái)個(gè)數(shù) c 的最優(yōu)解 C*。下面討論有 2 個(gè) 服務(wù)臺(tái)且他們的平均服務(wù)率相等的情況。對(duì)于設(shè)置多個(gè)服務(wù)員的隨機(jī)過程 , 如果僅從等待時(shí)間角度考慮應(yīng)該讓患者只排一個(gè)隊(duì)。 ① 計(jì)算相應(yīng)數(shù)量指標(biāo) 。同理可檢驗(yàn)手術(shù)時(shí)間服從參 數(shù) 的指數(shù)分布。 根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)可得：科室只有一個(gè)手術(shù)室病人等待時(shí)間是手術(shù)時(shí)間的 倍；手術(shù)室 84%的時(shí)間是繁忙的 ,只有 16%是空閑的。根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)決策者可決定是否增 加一個(gè)手術(shù)室，從而為管理者提供決策支持的工具。顯然，應(yīng)用排隊(duì)論，一方面可以有效地解決醫(yī) 院服務(wù)系統(tǒng)中人員和設(shè)備的配置問題 ,為醫(yī)院管理提供可靠的決策依據(jù)；另一方面通過系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化 ,找出患者與醫(yī)院兩者之間的平衡點(diǎn)，既減少患者排隊(duì)等待時(shí)間，又不浪費(fèi)醫(yī)院人力物力，從而獲取最大的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。當(dāng)然，我們也應(yīng)該清楚，信息系統(tǒng)集成技術(shù)作為一種管理手段引入醫(yī)院后，它的基本要求是規(guī)范化和嚴(yán)密性，醫(yī)務(wù)工作人員應(yīng)該改變和克服手工作業(yè)的思想意識(shí)，以適應(yīng)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 化管理的要求。 解決排隊(duì)難的問題，為病人的治療提供一線保障。 隨著醫(yī)院改革的不斷深入 ， 加快醫(yī)院信息化建設(shè) ， 將有利于醫(yī)院管理者把握改革的大方向 ， 有利于加強(qiáng)醫(yī)院管理 ,提高社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 。s office of the structure and behavior of the scientific simulation and systems. And the doctor39。 improve the information management system can help hospitals achieve scientific accuracy of internal management. Hospital management in the past because all information is imperfect, is not accurate, timely information often do not have a patient cost leakage, run, the wrong fees。s work efficiency and quality, reducing various services work on the manual labor intensity. At the same time improve the accuracy of information to ensure that the Hospital Finance, is zoned price, under doctor39。 certain period of time subject to the arrival of Poisson distribution. ② queuing rules: from the firste, first service, and to wait for the system, namely the arrival of all patients with a doctor39。 system of service intensity ρ = λ / c μ 1時(shí) Will not be an unlimited line of the queue (Desk, the average utilization rate), pn (c) for the Cdesk any time in the system n the probability of patients when the arrival rate of λ, service rate for the birth and death c μ Process to achieve steady, available: p0(c)=〔 ∑c1k=01k!(λμ)k+1c! 1(1ρ) (λμ)c〕 1（ 1） pn(c)=1n!(λμ)np0(c), n=1,2,…,c 1c!c (λμ)np0(c), n=c+1,… （ 2） When the system to achieve balance, each patient in the system the average waiting time for W: E(W)=pn(c)cμ(1ρ)2=nμn!(nμλ)2 (λμ)np0(c)（ 3） The number of people queuing up to stay Ls=Lq+cρ=1c! (cρ)cρc!(1ρ)2p0+λμ(4) Queuing system optimization Waiting in a queue system, the more patients hope that the help desk, the higher the efficiency of the service, the shorter the stay the better, so that their losses amounting to a minimum, this will increase the doctors and hospital equipment, and the hospital can not be unlimited input. For this reason the need to optimize the design, its purpose is to enable patients and the cost of hospital services and the cost to a minimum. Desk assumption that the number of c, cs desk units for each time the cost of help desk costs, cw for each patient in the system stay in the unit cost of time, the total cost Z (c) (total cost of the unit time expectations It is the number of help desk functions for c), the objective function minz (c) = Csc + CwLs (c), which Ls for the number of stay (formula (4)), c can only take an integer, located c * Is to make the minimum objective function c from the point, c * meet z (c * 1) ≤ z (c *) = csc * + cwLs (c *) ≤ z (c * +1), Ls = Ls (c) Reduction in the Ls (c *)Ls (c * +1) ≤ cscw ≤ Ls (c * 1)Ls (c *) (5) Followed by puter simulation calculated Ls (1), Ls (2), Ls (3), … the difference between the two neighboring, which fell to see constant between the two to determine the cost to patients and the cost of hospital services and Desk achieve optimum number of the optimal solution c C *. On the issue of optimization services program When the patients arrived at an average rate of increase in services from which the average increase in strength captain L too, and even the service intensity ρ1 captain tended to unlimited, the average service rate unchanged on the case can only increase Desk. Below are two to discuss them and help desk services, the average rate equal to the situation. We can help desk was informed that two f