【正文】 塊商開(kāi)始推出 系統(tǒng)套件方案，將太陽(yáng)光電系統(tǒng)所 需使用的零組件事 先搭配好販賣(mài)。此方案可事先搭配各零組件，大幅提高系統(tǒng)效能。此類(lèi)系統(tǒng)套件方案，最適合主攻新興國(guó)家，因?yàn)樵谛屡d國(guó)家，太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)尚不成熟，系統(tǒng)商不熟悉各組件搭配。 圖 專(zhuān)業(yè)好文檔 15 大廠加強(qiáng)各地市場(chǎng)布局 由于各國(guó)政府補(bǔ)助政策不同，為了順應(yīng)各市場(chǎng)不同 需求，也為提供完善售后服務(wù)，建立品牌，大廠必須在各國(guó)設(shè)立服務(wù)據(jù)點(diǎn)布局。大型的集中式逆變器因體積大 ，運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用高，通常此類(lèi)逆變器生產(chǎn)商也偏好在當(dāng)?shù)卦O(shè)產(chǎn)線或找代工廠。 SMA 目前在德國(guó)有 20GWp 產(chǎn)線，美國(guó)有 1GWp產(chǎn)線，預(yù)計(jì) 2021年在加拿大建置 500MWp 產(chǎn)線。Satcon 在加拿大也有工廠，主要著眼于在當(dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)產(chǎn)品可獲取政府較高額補(bǔ)助。但隨著太陽(yáng)能逆變器產(chǎn)業(yè)新進(jìn)業(yè)者增加，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇，尤其兩岸業(yè)者以低價(jià)搶攻市占，太陽(yáng)能逆變器的價(jià)格將逐年遞減 ，業(yè)者的毛利也將逐漸下降。對(duì)歐美逆變器業(yè)者而言，制造成本占總成本比重低，除非產(chǎn)能短缺或上游零組件不足，否則沒(méi)有委外代工必要。 展望 2021 年，當(dāng)各國(guó)政府補(bǔ)助調(diào)降，太陽(yáng)光電產(chǎn)業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈價(jià)格 持續(xù)調(diào)降。制造商毛利率預(yù)計(jì)下降到 %，經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商毛利率預(yù)計(jì)下降到22%。 SMA 以太陽(yáng)能逆變器為主要事業(yè)群 注：括號(hào)內(nèi)為 2021 年各事業(yè)群占總營(yíng)收比重 資料來(lái)源： SMA， DIGITIMES 整理， 2021/8 圖 SMA 產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)概況 SMA 成功關(guān)鍵因素 — 品質(zhì)、服務(wù)、品牌 圖 SMA 成功關(guān)鍵因素 專(zhuān)業(yè)好文檔 18 5 . 2 .1 質(zhì)量 — SMA 持續(xù)創(chuàng)新研發(fā) 拉大與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的技術(shù)差距 太陽(yáng)能逆變器為系統(tǒng)心臟，其質(zhì)量直接影響到系統(tǒng)的效能。內(nèi)部組件也須正常運(yùn)作 5~10 年以上。 就 SMA 認(rèn)可的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量而言，目前沒(méi)有任何一家廠商有能力接 SMA 代工單。 SMA 累積多項(xiàng)專(zhuān)利，樹(shù)立很高的技術(shù)門(mén)坎，拉大與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的差距。 SMA 在全球 12 個(gè)國(guó)家設(shè)有服務(wù)據(jù)專(zhuān)業(yè)好文檔 19 點(diǎn)，就近提供服務(wù)。 SMA 雖以德國(guó)區(qū)為主要的營(yíng)收來(lái)源，但 SMA 也相當(dāng)看好美國(guó)、意大利、法國(guó)、捷克的市場(chǎng)成長(zhǎng)性，欲在這些國(guó)家進(jìn)行更深入的策略布局。 SMA 透過(guò)此平臺(tái)穩(wěn)固與系統(tǒng)商的合作關(guān)系，也透過(guò)系統(tǒng)商通路，廣泛推廣其產(chǎn)品，拓展品牌知名度。 圖 SMA成立 Sunny Pro Club 提供系統(tǒng)安裝商所需資源 SMA 的優(yōu)勢(shì)總結(jié) 圖 SMA 的優(yōu)勢(shì) 專(zhuān)業(yè)好文檔 21 第六章 中國(guó)太陽(yáng)能逆變器制造商的機(jī)會(huì)與發(fā)展契機(jī) 由于太陽(yáng)能逆變器重視售后服務(wù)，因 此在各國(guó)市場(chǎng)是否設(shè)有服務(wù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，成為品牌廠獲得訂單的關(guān)鍵，然而中國(guó) 逆變器 品牌業(yè)者受限于語(yǔ)言障礙及地理位置，于各國(guó)市場(chǎng)未建立完整服務(wù)方案。而以代工方式與國(guó)外業(yè)者合作，就無(wú)須擔(dān)心售后服務(wù)問(wèn)題。 以較低價(jià)格，較佳質(zhì)量取得訂單 太陽(yáng)能逆變器產(chǎn)品若走品牌路線，獲訂單先決條件往往是售后服務(wù)能力、品牌信賴(lài)度與產(chǎn)品性能，售價(jià)為次要考慮。因此中國(guó) 業(yè)者較難以品牌打入歐美市場(chǎng)，大多業(yè)者往往只能以代工方式切入逆變器制造。 兩岸業(yè)者于電力電子人才、電路設(shè)計(jì)等方面均有不輸給歐美的能力，國(guó)內(nèi)研究機(jī)構(gòu)可建立更完整的測(cè)試環(huán)境及太陽(yáng)光電系統(tǒng)供逆變器測(cè)試，使業(yè)者可不斷修正參數(shù)、改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，提升穩(wěn)定度與減少當(dāng)機(jī)時(shí)間。 專(zhuān)業(yè)好文檔 22 資料來(lái)源： DIGITIMES， 2021/2 圖 將太陽(yáng)能逆變器 納入系統(tǒng)套件策略合作 中國(guó)太陽(yáng)能逆變器業(yè)者在此產(chǎn)業(yè)中，除了可致力提高產(chǎn)品本身質(zhì)量及服務(wù)外，更可與模塊或系統(tǒng)品牌商策略合作，推出系統(tǒng)套件進(jìn)軍新興市場(chǎng)。 系 統(tǒng) 套 件I n v e r t e r 代 工 業(yè) 者模 組 商 / 系 統(tǒng) 商品 牌 業(yè) 者客 戶(hù)中 國(guó) 逆 變器 制 造 商機(jī) 會(huì) 圖 ／系統(tǒng)品牌廠搭配系統(tǒng)套件 專(zhuān)業(yè)好文檔 23 Editor39。s first satellite Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time. As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars. As a meteorologist, I39。d hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. I39。s like the set for a Gee Lucas movie floating to the edge of space. You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space live. The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch. I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory. The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over. How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiver 專(zhuān)業(yè)好文檔 24 With each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and cap (capsule munications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday. The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our daytoday weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest ( miles/ kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of mercial airliners ( miles/ kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( miles/ kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door. Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. Below, the Earth bees the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he39。s not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270squarefoot (25squaremeter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds. 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