【正文】
f the separation process is at the same time heat and mass transfer process. The design task is to separate the benzene toluene mixture using the distillation tower. For the separation of binary mixtures, we can use a continuous distillation process. In the design, we feed the raw material in the bubble point ,using preheater where the liquid can be heated up to the bubble point and then give it away to the distillation tower. Up top of the tower ,there is a total condenser which can condense the steam. Part of the condensed steam return to the tower in the bubble point, and the rest product is sent to the tank through the total condenser. It is so easy to isolate material system using this system. the minimum return is relatively small, so we take the minimum reflux ratio of times of the operating reflux ratio in our design. Tower reacter is heated with indirect steam and the tower bottom product is sent to storage tanks after cooling. The design specification through the material balance, energy balance, technology, structural design and verification and a series of work to design a reasonable possibility of the sieve tower that should use the relation selective evaporation flow, and drawing assemble diagram of distillation tower and PID of distillation. Keywords: Distillation; Sieve tower; Benzene 湖北民族學(xué)院化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書 1 引 言 化工生產(chǎn)常需進(jìn)行液體混合物的分離以達(dá)到提純或回收有用組分的目的。 本設(shè)計(jì)說明書以通過 物料衡算,熱量衡算,工藝計(jì)算,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和校核等一系列工作來設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)具有可行性的合理的篩板塔以及相關(guān)輔助設(shè)備的計(jì)算。該物系屬易分離物系,最小回流比較小,所以在設(shè)計(jì)中把操作回流比取最小回流比的 倍。設(shè)計(jì)中采用泡點(diǎn)進(jìn)料,將原料液通過預(yù)熱器加熱至泡點(diǎn)后送人精餾塔內(nèi)。 本設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)為精餾塔分離苯 甲苯混合物。 精餾是分離液體混合物最常用的一種單元操作 , 利用液相混合物中各相分揮發(fā)度的不 同,使揮發(fā)組分由液相向氣相轉(zhuǎn)移,難揮發(fā)組分由氣相向液相轉(zhuǎn)移。湖北民族學(xué)院化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書 I HUBEI UNIVERSITY FOR NATIONALITIES 化工原理 化工設(shè)備機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì) 題目 苯 甲苯篩板精餾塔分離 院 系 化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 化學(xué)工程與工藝 湖北民族學(xué)院化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書 II 小組成員及任務(wù)分工一覽表 序號(hào) 學(xué)號(hào) 姓名 具體分工 備注(若為組長(zhǎng)請(qǐng)標(biāo)出) 1 精餾塔設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 以及最后的整合工作 組長(zhǎng) 2 精餾塔 結(jié)構(gòu)與 機(jī)械 計(jì)算 成員 3 精餾塔的工藝計(jì)算 成員 4 熱量衡算 成員 5 繪圖 成員 湖北民族學(xué)院化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書 III 目錄 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... VI 引 言 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 第一章 概述 .............................................................................................................................. 1 板式精餾塔課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 ...................................................................................... 2 精餾塔設(shè)計(jì)方案的選定 .............................................................................................. 3 第二章 精餾塔設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ........................................................................................................ 3 物料計(jì)算 ...................................................................................................................... 3 料液及塔頂,塔底產(chǎn)品的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù) ........................................ 3 全塔總物料衡算 ....................................................................... 4 逐板法求理論板 .......................................................................................................... 4 精餾塔的工藝條件及有關(guān)物性數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算 .............................................................. 7 以精餾段為例進(jìn)行計(jì)算 ............................................................ 7 以提餾段為例進(jìn)行計(jì)算 ............................................................ 9 精餾塔的塔體工藝尺度計(jì)算 .................................................................................... 11 精餾段 塔徑的計(jì)算 ...................................................................11 精餾段塔板主要工藝尺寸的計(jì)算 .......................................... 13 提餾段塔板主要工藝尺寸的計(jì)算。 ...................................... 21 第 三章 板式塔得結(jié) 構(gòu)與機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 29 附件的計(jì)算 ................................................................................................................ 29 接管 ......................................................................................... 29 冷凝器 ..................................................................................... 31 第四章熱量衡算 ...................................................................................................................... 33 塔頂熱量衡算 .......................................................................... 33 ........................................................................... 34 焓值衡算 .................................................................................................................. 35 湖北民族學(xué)院化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書 IV 第五章設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果匯總 .............................................................................................................. 37 符號(hào)說明 .................................................................................................................................. 40 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................................................................................. 42 致謝 .................................................................................................................................. 42 湖北民族學(xué)院化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書 V 摘要 化工生產(chǎn)中所處理的物料,中間產(chǎn)物,粗產(chǎn)品幾乎都是由若干組分組成的混合物,而且其中大部分都是均相物質(zhì),生產(chǎn)中為了滿足儲(chǔ)存,運(yùn)輸,加工和使用的需求,時(shí)常需要將這些混合物分離較純凈或幾乎純態(tài)的物質(zhì)。實(shí)現(xiàn)原料混合物中各組成分離該過程是同時(shí)進(jìn)行傳質(zhì)傳熱的過程。對(duì)于二元混合物的分離,采用連續(xù)精餾過程。塔頂上升蒸氣采用全器冷凝,冷凝液在泡點(diǎn)溫度下一部分回流至塔內(nèi),其余部分經(jīng)產(chǎn)品冷卻器冷卻后送至儲(chǔ)罐。塔釜采用間接蒸汽加熱,塔底產(chǎn)品經(jīng)冷卻后送至儲(chǔ)罐。繪制了精餾塔裝配圖,精餾工藝流程圖。蒸餾是一種常用的化工單元的操作,是工業(yè)上分離液相混合物常用的手段。板式塔為逐步接觸型,按汽液接觸原件不同,可分為泡罩塔、浮閥塔、篩板塔、舌形塔、浮動(dòng)噴射塔等多種。 作為氣液兩用傳質(zhì)用的塔的設(shè)備,首先必須保證氣液兩相得到充分的接觸,以達(dá)到較高的傳質(zhì)效率。塔內(nèi)滯留量小。耐腐蝕和不易堵塞,方便操作,調(diào)節(jié)。結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,造價(jià)低,創(chuàng)造,安裝,維修方便。流體流動(dòng)阻力小。 即當(dāng)塔設(shè)備的 氣液負(fù)荷在一定范圍內(nèi)變化時(shí),仍能夠在較高的傳質(zhì)效率下進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定的操作