外文翻譯---無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的實(shí)現(xiàn)及在農(nóng)業(yè)上的應(yīng)用-其他專業(yè)-在線瀏覽
2025-03-24 09:34本頁(yè)面
【正文】 處理器能力弱、存儲(chǔ)器容量小的特點(diǎn)，使得其不能進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的計(jì)算，而傳統(tǒng) Inter 網(wǎng)絡(luò)上成熟的協(xié)議和算法相對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)而言開銷太大，難以使用，因此必須使用 簡(jiǎn)單、有效的協(xié)議及算法，如 ZigBee 協(xié)議。通常，無(wú)線通信的能耗 E與通信距離 d的關(guān)系為： E=kdn。通常取 n為 3。傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)通常由普通電池或鋰電池供電，能量有限。 （ 2）節(jié)點(diǎn)成本較高。 （ 3）安全性差。 （ 4）協(xié)作能力。 3 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)當(dāng)前在農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用 針對(duì)我國(guó)水資源緊缺以及農(nóng)田節(jié)水灌溉的需求 ,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)田灌溉裝備條件 ,應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域作物、土壤、水源布點(diǎn)等情況 ,分析了目前實(shí)現(xiàn)精確農(nóng)業(yè)亟待解決的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問(wèn)題 ,提出一套采用無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、適合大面積農(nóng)田智能灌溉控制方法。 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型是不同于傳統(tǒng)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng) ,通過(guò)在監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域內(nèi)隨意布撒大量傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn) (簡(jiǎn)稱節(jié)點(diǎn) ),由各節(jié)點(diǎn)自行協(xié)調(diào)并迅速組建通信網(wǎng)絡(luò) ,在能量利用率優(yōu)先考慮原 則下進(jìn)行工作任務(wù)劃分以獲取監(jiān)視區(qū)域信息。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)每類節(jié)點(diǎn)的組成一般都由數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和電源這四部分組成。本設(shè)計(jì)的研究設(shè)計(jì)方案是只針對(duì)一個(gè)單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的。處理器通常選用嵌入式 CPU,如 MOTOROLA 公司的68HC1 C51 系 列單片機(jī)等。圖 2描述了節(jié)點(diǎn)的組成 ,其中 ,箭頭的方向表示數(shù)據(jù)在節(jié)點(diǎn)中的流動(dòng)方向。其硬件采用致遠(yuǎn)電子公司 MiniARM 嵌入式工控模塊。板載 MCU 對(duì)板卡 上 I/O 端口進(jìn)行控制 ,實(shí)現(xiàn) I/O 數(shù)據(jù)的緩存 ,從而降低板卡對(duì)于 MiniISA 接口主機(jī)的依賴 ,節(jié)省主機(jī)處理數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間 ,保證 MiniISA 系統(tǒng)更加高效的運(yùn)行。系統(tǒng)電路圖如圖 3 所示。這一部分硬件部分可以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)有的移動(dòng)公司與電信等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源 ,軟件考慮成本和專業(yè)功能可以自主開發(fā) ,建議應(yīng)用現(xiàn)有遠(yuǎn)程軟件 ,如《波爾遠(yuǎn)程控制》軟件、湖南省遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控設(shè)備有限公司的 RC2021 可視化遠(yuǎn)程控制軟件系統(tǒng)。本系統(tǒng)操作簡(jiǎn)單 ,對(duì)系統(tǒng)改造一下 ,可以設(shè)計(jì)成庭院自 動(dòng)供水系統(tǒng)、溫室自動(dòng)供水系統(tǒng)和花園自動(dòng)供水系統(tǒng)等 ,故本系統(tǒng)的可擴(kuò)展性比較好 ,前景比較廣闊。隨著傳感器成本的降低以及相關(guān)問(wèn)題解決方案的不斷優(yōu)化，如能耗更加小和數(shù)據(jù)融合算法、節(jié)點(diǎn)定位算法的不斷完善，以及更加優(yōu)秀的無(wú)線射頻模塊，無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)將會(huì)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域有更廣泛的應(yīng)用。s world is the general trend of technological development. 2 Overview of wireless sensor works The system architecture of wireless sensor works Wireless sensor work system architecture shown in Figure 1, typically include sensor nodes, aggregation nodes and management nodes. Clouds in the observation area sensor nodes in order to constitute a work of selfanized manner. Sensor node processing the collected information, the way to multihop relay the information transmitted to the sink node. Then through the Inter or mobile munication work and other channels to reach management node. Endusers through the management of wireless sensor work node management and configuration, release monitoring tasks or collect return data. The characteristics of wireless sensor works (1) selfanization. As the work and the work itself, the physical environment in which the unpredictability of factors, such as: can not preset exact location of the node can not know in advance the relationship between the nodes adjacent to some nodes because of energy depletion or other causes of death, newnodes join and so on, make the work deployment and expansion without the need to rely on any of the default work infrastructure, layered protocol between nodes and distributed algorithms by coordinating their behavior, a node can quickly start automatically after the formation of a separatemultihop routing work. (2) multihop munication distance of nodes in the work, the node can only municate directly with its neighbors, if beyond the range of its RF munication nodes, you need to be routed through intermediate nodes. (3) the spatial distribution of a large area, node density, the number is huge. (4) wireless sensor works, people usually only care about a region within a certain numerical observations, and not to the specific observations concerned a single node. (5) node capacity energy of sensor nodes, processing power, storage capacity and munication ability and so is very limited.
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