【正文】
dates,but it is not known when the filters were ,Built on a Series of islands, depended on catching and storing rainwater for its principal freshwater supply for over 1300 years. Cisterns were built and many were connected in stonegrated catch basins and then filtered through sand into cisterns. A prehensive article on the water supply of Venice appeared in the Practical Mechanics Journal in land area of Venice was acres and the average yearly rainfall was 32 inches(in). Nearly all of this rainfall was collected in 177 public and 1900 private cisterns. These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about gallons per capita per day(gpcd).This low consumption was due in part to the absence of sewers, the practice of washing clothes in the lagoon,and the universal drinking of wine. These cisterns continued to be the principal water supply of Venice until about the sixteenth century. Many experiments were conducted in the eighteenth and nieenth centuries in England,France Germany,and Darcy patented filters in france and England in 1865 and anticipated all aspects of the American rapid sand filter except appears to be the first to apply the law of hydraulics to filter design. The first filter to supply water to a whole town was pleted a